musical planet 
Saturday, March 19, 2011
Monday, March 7, 2011
South Park 777 Online
PIRATES OF THE UNDERGROUND
PREHISTORY OF FRUSTRATION
... just constituted the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata to produce the first official finding ...
... José Francisco de Amingorena, Mendoza military commander ... (upon request) ... the governor of Montevideo in 1797 ... sends samples and reports on the bitumen or tar which came to ... Cacheuta and Sosneado ... well samples arrive. But for packing ... no ships ... and the incident is forgotten.
... Are emerging other hydrocarbon deposits, which the Indians used ... to ... (various) ... purposes ... are located in major basins that will then "detected" after judicious research or "pure coincidence" ... Salta: Tartagal, Las Lomitas , Oran; ... Jujuy: Laguna de la Brea, Garrapatal; ... Mendoza: Lujan de Cuyo, Cacheuta, San Rafael; ... Neuquén: Covunco, Rio Agrio; ... Chubut: Pico Salamanca, Comodoro Rivadavia, ... Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego ... .
... 1850 ... issued a law that granted concessions ... (for) ... exploiting oil ...
... First National Census ... 1864 ... describes ... oil stocks in Jujuy, Salta, Mendoza and Comodoro Rivadavia ... Five years after "Colonel" Edwin Drake Laurentine started the first commercial ... ( U.S.) in Pennsylvania! Six before that ... John D. Rockefeller founded the 'Standard Oil'! ...
... ... as shown here, characters with equal thrust, willing to undertake risky business ... to ours, the sink ... Martin Moussy, ... founded with capital of the province and in Bolivia the "Company Jujeña Kerosene." Committed the grave mistake of sending samples to Pennsylvania for ... (analysis) will answer that it is a useless monstrosity that is true ... no kerosene. Soon begins to flood the market - at a price of "dumping" - the kerosene "authentic" is ... (U.S.) De Moussy bankruptcy.
... a similar experience in Uspallata ... bring a German geologist ... dr. Stalzner, the chances are great ... are directed to the central government to build a calling ... rail to get the product. Sarmiento ... (hesitates) ... import a British geologist, Maj. Richard ... and fly to London to publish his report to geological experts are beginning ... ... to go ... (the country) ... the government is deaf to their demands ... (of employers Argentina) ... "No country in the big cities that require the industry" ...
... FACTS ... Jujuy streets ... (are) ... lit by kerosene provincial ... next year will replace the equivalent Yankee. The bottles carry Jujuy ... Buenos Aires and enlighten the Annexes to the club rooms attached to the Industrial Exhibition, 1877 ... samples are forwarded to the International Exhibition of Pennsylvania ... 1885 ... Salta oils ... are identical to the best known and Mendoza ... (like) ... the Russians ... Baku.
... The gas plants Mendoza and Rio Cuarto ... (used) ... Uspallata oil, building a 42 km pipeline and transportation ... (and) ... the Ferrocarril Oeste, in the hands of the State ... ( then transferred to) ... the British, one after the other plants ... (spend) a property empire. The British ... (Seeking) ... to remove any ... (competition for) ... its coal from Cardiff ...
... The company moved to Mendoza ... Salta ... (looking for) ... a wider market ... very modern machines are purchased, hire an entire team of specialized staff ... Poland, exude an optimal product; ... the British refuse to carry it until the firm expired in 1896.
... (09/11/1891), Osvaldo Magnasco ... in ... (the) ... Chamber of Deputies: "There are Jujuy and Mendoza committed seventeen years ... operating in one of the richest sources of production: its natural oils. No good comes to the attention of railway companies exporting a small party to Buenos Aires or anywhere, the price rises like a ghost ... "
... England ... no has been impressed by the fever pitch. The great struggle ... (is) between Nobel (brothers of the inventor of dynamite) and Rotschild semialiados ... financiers that dominate the oil-rich Baku ... ... (opposing) the penetration of Rockefeller ... in ... (Europe) ... (playing for) ... the 'Standard' ... its wonderful interweaving with each consul State ... ... (USA) is an agent of the firm ... (late) ... century ( XIX) ... Rockefeller has won the game, the group of Baku (Nobel-Rothschild) just supplies a fifth of the demand ... (of Europe).
Mark and Samuel Samuel ... have inherited a shipping line. His father traded for beads ... is the distinguished name of a company ... (Shell = Conchillo) ... (transport) oil at Rothschild. After buying their own concessions in Borneo and to century are a power with thirty ships and 31 tanks bankers in Asia ... (continuing) ... links to ... Rotschild and through Calustio Gulbenkian ... ... are ... the first outpost on the Persian Gulf that has just started to William Knox D'Arcy ... British government support ... (the 'Anglo Persian Oil Company' then 'British Petroleum') ... Samuel know the Henry Deterding ... leading oil corporation created in 1890 by the Dutch Crown: the 'Royal Dutch Company'. Alfonso de Rothschild financed by both companies ... (merge) to confront the hegemony of Rockefeller .... English ... (and) ... Dutch ... (not) ... have deposits in their territories, must win out. The takeover of productive areas facing ... require the 'Standard' to change its policy ... - export of U.S. production - and ... ... also launched to capture geographical objectives.
... the invention of combustion engine ... oil has made the strategic materials ... and their wars are terrible ... (plus) ... the occupation to produce ... aspire ... to sources of future supply, ... have "safe" areas that will exploit reserves as they see fit ... where you exclude the presence of rival ....
... (for) legal interests that you do not press for an "inappropriate" ... production will appeal to a thousand tricks: hiding data findings, saying that small stocks are ... ... the quality ... or ... (taking are) ... wasteful ... even ... (make sure that domestic firms) ... ... inefficient result ... not to exploit the hell out ... on your own ...
Mortal competition ... (in) ... the 'Standard' ... (Esso or Exxon ") and ... the 'Royal Dutch Shell' ... each side has smaller allies ... ... (to) absorb the impact ...
as loud as their conflicts were its agreements and ceasefires, given in external power ... (now possible) ... main enemy, Germany until 1945, ... Italy between 1945 and 1962 ... (death or assassination of Enrico Mattei, president of ENI) ...
The Russian Revolution of 1917 triggered the worst confrontation between the 'Shell' and 'Esso' ... (the second) ... did not want to join the blockade because if requested and Baku oil ... (jeopardized his) ... European market ... (accused) ... a lackey of the "red" ... (Strikes ) ... by "dumping" in India. What happened was a price war with huge deficits on both sides.
... 1924, the 'Shell' ... (removed) ... advantage of diplomatic recognition of the USSR ... (England), establishing operations ...
... in the castle ... Achnacarry, British and American representatives ... established the famous "Cartel" is divided markets ... (as) ... the proportions there, ... (set) ... stock prices for the planet ... the fights between the "Seven Sisters" (the two English companies and the five largest in the U.S.) are subjected to strict rules ... I was allowed to unleash a global war ... (Paraguay - Bolivia, 1932-1935, 'Shell'-Paraguay-Esso, Bolivia ... (was) ... a double-edged sword. ... Bolivia is in ... (gave) a revolution who nationalized the oil ... But ... none of the two companies ... (revised) ... the ... royalty agreements with countries or ... ... prices. The duel ... (was) ... by proxy ... 1932 ... Ibn Saud ('Standard') ... (expelled) ... of the pro-British Mecca Hussein ...
till 1907 ... ... in ... Argentina, the Americans wanted to sell kerosene The English ... exporting coal. "Let's get our oil? No way, gentlemen!
...
History Argentina's oil ... (may be) ... incomprehensible ... the "accidental" discovery of Comodoro Rivadavia ... Dr. Julio A. Notta ... ensures that the poor were not poor Fuchs bearer or bearer, had served as head of drilling at the site of Pechembaum, Alsace, on behalf of a company ... (English).
geological studies of Ameghino ... ... (of) ... Speghazzini and others had demonstrated the presence of hydrocarbons. The Perito Moreno ... ... "from 1896 to 1903 I directed ... (for) ... the empowerment of Rada Tilly Comodoro today ... Rivadavia, to point out ... out of the products of the Andean region and oil ... whose existence was far more likely than water "...
... The drilling equipment submitted in 1904, the Directorate General of Mines and Hydrology ... it was very modern, "to fetch water ... Puerto Madryn to wait until 1913 ... (and) ... a well of water, while the Commodore punch comes before the town was founded ... the speed with which the Bureau of Mines provides a second drilling rig in 1907, equipped with technological advances incorporated only months earlier in Europe ...
Humberto Beghin
... disguised ... foreman, is a specialist ... then ... head of the camp.
... Perito Moreno ... "... water ... there are almost certainly find ... ... it's easy to find something else ... I am convinced that there must be oil ... it is necessary to make drilling and applying the drill ... I have to help them in their efforts ... "
Why the myth, why the mystery? "... Why there was no real intention to disclose any findings? ...
... the next day ... (08/12/1907) President Figueroa Alcorta ... ... (by) ... ... Order (prohibition) of mining claims and permits searches ... in 5 kms. radius of Comodoro Rivadavia ... engineer Julio Krause (Hydrology Section) ... pre-empting any move you personally ... ... spread the news daily.
... magazine defending British interests in the country "The Review of the River Plate" ... (support) ... pleased ... (the constitution) ... reserve ... (answer directives of the British government that provided the First World War) ... British interests ... (no fear) ... of a traditionally pro-regime English. The reserve ... ... prevent penetration (firms of other nations) ... (while) ... the Argentine State shall, at its own risk and without cost ... for British companies, the real importance of the discovery. When this happens, the Anglo-Argentina ... enfilará publication ... against government intervention in the oil.
are not lacking ... parliamentary bills ... (in) ... Members ... (Proposed) ... ... $ 500,000-investment by providing drinking water to Comodoro Rivadavia and $ 200,000-to ... equipment and accessories for oil exploration ...
... ... halve the cost of fuel. Ton of coal cost more than four times the value of a ton of national kerosene ... (and) ... given the best performance of the latter, the difference in price was ... five and a half times lower. The initiative passed to committee ... was filed ...
... ... (suggests that) ... explore ... (in Salta) ... "Especially in the department of Oran" ... did not bring him the memo ...
... at that time the annual imports of English coal amounted to $ 32 million ... equivalent to a quarter of all capital investments ... a year , the ninth of gold ... accumulated in the Treasury during the preceding five-prosperous ...
Between 1909 and 1910, Congress ... (discuss) a project ... the Executive, earmarking an important area where Comodoro Rivadavia not allow the actions of private oil companies ... (in Congress) ... refused to put limits on "free enterprise" ... Joaquín V. González ... "Once the oil field discovered and ... (when) ... ... the executive has enough for the purposes he says," Why should we be limited to individuals, foreign companies that come to bring the country the assistance of their wealth? ... industrial state that evil ... "
... (with British support) ... approving the law, although deformed, reducing the ... reserves from 10,000 to 5,000 hectares and ... (by) ... five years. Rather than allow the state to "use your product in the manner that suits you ... "(as he said the original text), force him to" use their products primarily for use by the Navy and National Railways " no market share.
... ... 1910 by decree establishing the Directorate General
Petroleum Operating Comodoro Rivadavia ... ... ... headed (named) ... to ... the engineer Luis A. Huergo.
(parallel) ... Until then - and for much longer - 95% of oil imports is provided by ... (USA).
national capitalist in 1905 ... ... (start) ... in the refining of crude Campana. Although ... (to) ... border protection are not going well and ... in 1910 ... (the) ... "National Oil Company" ... (is) ... in the hands of the 'Standard'. The protective tariff ... oil will almost prepared to enter and move to competition (also an American, 'Signal Vacuum') ... the 'Standard' from the start opposes oil drilling in the country ... (about) oil samples Comodoro Rivadavia His diagnosis was that it was "a low-grade asphalt, serving as fuel ... no ... the exploitation of this raw material through distillation, would not be commercially profitable" ... (as opposed to the) ... Head of Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture ... called ... (to) ... a product of "an excellent fuel mineral" ...
... From 1907 to 1912, coal imports rose 59% ... the tripling of oil ... This expansion ... was ... for oil and naphtha impure "- a semi-finished product that brings the 'Standard' for Bell - whose needs .. eightfold, only consignments of kerosene increased by 28% ... it took 80% more foreign currency to buy fuel hydrocarbons ... ... (is) ... increase of 14% to 24%.
... is ... (work) ... with a thousand tricks the emerging fiscal extraction activity. An oligarchy to squander fortunes to decorate ... Buenos Aires ... (by) ... the Centennial, lacks funds to Comodoro Rivadavia and ... ... let alone the other areas ... ... A statewide effort Argentine coast ... had found that in Patagonia had oil ... (Avoid) they get the Yankees, agreed, but ... ... get ... oil claim, what are they thinking?
... ... The First World War - as would happen later in the second - led to a retraction ... (of) ... capital ... (between 1914-1918) ... just retreated and the British capital ... (others) ... belligerents Europeans, not the U.S. ... only tangentially ... ... (affected) ...
... at first ... Commission (chaired by Huergo) ... ... obstacles encountered to place the national fuel ... routine and other interests opposed to it ... from September 1914 to January 1915 ... the propaganda of the Commission to introduce the new fuel gave few results ... (with prolongation of the war) ... and ... the rise in coal prices ... began the great demand for domestic fuel and ... ... the Commission criticized for not ... (provide) ... ... ... enough oil will be delivered to the embryo fiscal business machines by some ... that ... (had) ... claimed in a vacuum, but not enough to ... (the markets) ... Austrian and German ... is ... (they) ... closed ...
consumption increases between 1914 and 1919 with an annual average of 437000 meters cubic ... The domestic production in the previous stage reached 10,000 cubic meters ... ... comes to 137,000 during the war ...
... Companies related to ... 'Shell' launched in 1916 its production in Comodoro Rivadavia ... ... rises steeply from 7,200 meters cu ... (a) ... 106,000 in 1922 ... the import ... (covered) ... 66% of demand ... (Julian Nott, the division of the market) ... 28.1% in 1916 ... provided by ... (the Treasury); ... 23.1 ... 'Shell' and their partners; imports at 48.8 ... ... (USA), dominated by the 'Standard'.
(FIRST GOVERNMENT YRIGOYEN)
... THE ... Congress does not control the radical "galerita" ... conservatives and socialists ... ... (vote) ... against the draft ... (Yrigoyen). ... Unsuccessfully proposed to issue securities to enhance oil extraction ... declaring legal system ... "oil mines are private property of the Nation, "... administrative organization of the tax ... ... Yrigoyen sites ... (is) ... by decree ... (06/03/1922) ... the Directorate Generate of YPF.
(almost simultaneously) ... (the) ... Abraham Cornejo governor ... ... then the company's attorney ... the 'Standard' does stand in Salta, prior removal of provincial reserves in Oran ... (set by) the governor ... Previous (Avelino Araoz). The awards for searches, ... ... 1920 and 1922 will reach 241,000 hectares ... (the 'Standard') ... ... continues to administer the Campana refinery.
addition to the English of the 'British Petroleum' (even 'Anglo Persian') and 'Shell', in the Gulf of San Jorge SA operating consortia Emilio Kinkelin Germans ... and ... 'Astra SA' ... ( with the participation of) ... national capitals, Bunge and Born, Bemberg, Dodero, Mihanovich - linked to ... (England).
Several small Argentine companies ... (be) appropriate for ... ... ...
trusts
MOSCONI WAS AN ERROR
... ... (thought Mosconi name) ... ... Minister of Public Works (the opposition) ... Right - Minister of War - derived ... ... (a Mosconi) ... to a secondary position: administration of the deposits were battles harsh ... ... private concessions ...
constantly advancing
... From 1922 to 1928 the production tax jumped 150%, net income increased by eightfold (1.8 to 15 million) ... promoted the construction of a monumental distillery in La Plata, launched in 1923 and inaugurated in December 1925 posprimeros mounted pipelines, Comodoro Rivadavia electrified, wake up ... ... a plant to natural gas and a "cracking" of fuel oil (paid with the proceeds of three months of work), created the fleet State oil ... from 1927 gets to handle the domestic market ... (with) ... successive price cuts private ... have no choice but to ... (comply) ...
... on ... (increase) ... in the demand ... (cause the rise) ... ... import 970 000 tonnes in 1923 ... 1,400,000 ... in 1927 ... (as) ... Julian Nott ... (with) ... the amount imported in 1928 YPF accounted for 24.4% of the market, the British group 45% and 30.6% Yankee Group.
... (the battle between foreigners) ... is ... (a) ... ... to suspend Alvear permits searches in January 1924. The ... Adolfo Guemes Salta governor wields the decree to affect the interests of the 'Standard' ... another Cornejo-July-void the concessions Esso ... (just before) ... hit Uriburu.
... Second half of 1927 ... Representatives debated a ... project ... (the UCR) ... that ... (was) ... the exploitation of oil exclusively to the nation state ... Diego Luis Molinari ... "Autonomous Republic to these two major financial organizations: the 'Standard Oil' and ' Anglo Persian '...
... with the conservative and radical Alvear ... ... (for) ... the bed of socialism of John B. Just thought Enrique Dickman: "The state is a bad landlord, the state is an industrial worse, the state is a bad trader ... Nowhere in the world is the state oil industry ... If you want initiated the policy of monopoly, which is bad policy, should log on simple things, such as snuff ... ... "
independent Socialists ... (support the project if) ..." let sleeping dogs lie " ie, do not touch the concessions already agreed ... (with) ... that negotiation and ... ten votes the law was passed.
... (after) ... The crushing victory of ... Yrigoyen in April 1928 ... ... the Senate ... (was) ... a bunker on the right ... Representatives gave its own quorum far ... (The government). Se ... (start) ... the campaign for the nationalization ... or ... for the "closed door" ... (as he called it) ... to imperialist penetration ...
... Mosconi: "... the experience of the incessant struggles fiscal organization ... with private companies at all times ... led us to the conclusion that these two organizations, and private attorney, can not coexist ... ... represent conflicting interests, designed to live in struggle, of which only will exceptionally successful state organization. This explains oil policy of "closed door" executive branch of the second period (Yrigoyen) of which we have been executing and we are keen unchanged and determined. "
... (in) the disputed parliamentary ... the Independent Socialists (Pinedo, De Tomaso) are in opposition ... (Deputies) approved by 79 to 17 the monopoly YPF in ... (the) production and processing ... ... They did not foresee the importation and marketing ... but I was ... in the spirit shown by the steps ... that ... (is) ... ... engage with Soviet oil - the 'Yuyantorg' - "To fill their fuel's market share could not cover YPF, the ridiculous price of 0.11 cents. liter of gasoline. "
{
addition this action is part of measures taken after the crisis by the collapse of Wall Stretto, the closing of the Conversion, the treaty-Oyhanarte D'Abernon and continuity price wars and advancement for the successful management of retail outlets
} ... not even the Senate agreed to treat the text approved by Deputies, it appeared that it would impose by decree Yrigoyen ... (about the same time after) ... Achnnacarry ... (20/01/1930) ... the new members' Cartel '... (are divided) ... the European market and global ... {} ...
... 08 August ... Yrigoyen signed the initial agreement to import ... (' Yuyantorg' USSR )
On September 06, a reactionary coup backed by the entire ... "sound opinion" the country put an end to oligarchic government ..., imprisoning the president and ... (a) ... Mosconi. The process square one again. YPF was not dismantled, were more subtle ... in February 1932 assumed ... (the presidency) ... Just ...
... in the name of ... (make) ... an organic law to be banned ... YPF (YPF) to import fuel ...
... 1935 ... ... by ... (the defense of oil) ... Augusto Bunge Alfredo Palacios and Daniel Bonsano Ansaldo, ... (in) a camera ... (applauding) ... when ... Repetto was felt that the alternative "or deliver oil to a trust or monopoly we work together with trusts you ... can not ... there is no alternative ... joint ventures, gentlemen "...
... (was passed) ... 12161 ... says the law ... well Notta "bury all aspirations of nationalization ... and ... operating a monopoly by the state." YPF is reduced to being just another company in a market in it ... (that) ... prevailing foreign companies with which it recommends be "mixed companies" where the State will participate "in the appropriate proportion" ... {to whom?
}
July 1935 ... ... unusual "Liaison Committee". Attended by representatives of YPF, ... 'Shell' and ... 'Esso' ... (together) ... the offices of the 'West Indian Oil Co.' ... ('Standard'), the Boston bank building ... (by claim YPF) ... moved the discussion to the hotel ... City or Continental ... (subscribe) ... the "secret agreement" of 1936-1937 was set to ... ... (YPF) ... a share in the spirit of the Agreement Achnacarry, being forbidden to cover imports. Private companies, .., were expressly authorized to import volumes is required ... (to) maintain its position in the market.
... World War II subvert any agreement.
... Imports of 2,321,000 meters in 1938 cubic ... (fell) ... 426,000 in 1944 (80% less) ... consumption ... (also decreases) of 3 ... ... .. 664,754 to 3,178,823 ... (13.3 less) ... the difference was supplemented with an increase in domestic production ... I met the greatest effort YPF.
1938 1945 Change
YPF ; ; 1.430,6 2.456,9 +71,7%
Shell 640.3 702.9 +16.3%
It ; 315, - 159, - - 49.5% Other
364,9 318,7 - 12,7%
Prod.Arg. +14 3637.5 2714.8 .- %
... participation in the consumer market rose from 28.7% to 61% and that of low English group from 46.8% to 21.3% and ... (USA) decreased from 23% to 16.2% ...
... Lost Salta, the Yankees ... in 1940 formed "The First Society Joint Oil "... (for) ... exploit an area of \u200b\u200bSanta Cruz ... not enough to materialize ... 1942 the embassy ... ... (USA) ... (proposed) ... our country was committed to supply some 300,000 tonnes per year ... the Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil (belligerent). ... Instead, companies will form a consortium located ... mixed with YPF, bringing all the machinery to increase production. The lack of equipment was the Achilles heel ... Argentina (n could be imported for strategic materials) ...
nationalist President Castillo ... ... (More) ... was pro-American anti-British, was excited ... (with the support of) ... Tessaire; YPF CEO Mario Villa, ... Ruiz Guinazu ... (is) ... opposed by ... linked to England led by Raúl Prebisch from the Bank Central ... the agreement was signed 1 June 1943 ... 04/06/1943 Rawson overthrew Gen. Castillo ...
IMPORTS BETWEEN CALIFORNIA AND
... (there is one) ... nationalist and popular process ... (seen) ... disgust ... (and ratings) ... practice ... chose ... the export business. The downward trend in domestic production in the foreign concessions extracted lasted ... 1943 1.3 million cubic meters ... 1944, 1.2, ... 1945, 1.1, ... (with) ... peace ... (turns to import) ... 1945, 575000 meters cubic ... 1947, 4154000. Between 1943 and 1946 the tonnage imported ... ... ... give crude jumped from 134000 to 910000; diesel oil from 46000 to 193000, 238000 fuel oil to 2million tons.
... Peronist government denounces the "secret agreement" of 1936 ... The machinery is increasingly obsolete. And ... the exchange ... (it shows) ... 1945 ... (paid) ... fuel-U $ S37 billion; ... 1948 ... s182 U.S. $ 5 million.
... (attempted) without resulting in a swap of oil for meat with the regime of Mossadegh Iranian nationalist ... (also) ... concocted a plan: ... (with) a false name, opened an office in Venezuela, purchase equipment oil ... (USA) ... for a concession to non-existent ... reshipped or Comodoro Rivadavia Buenos Aires ... (finally) ... Peron ... (it rejected) by the diplomatic ... ... had accrued (data provided by Severo Caceres Cano) ... The story ... (reflecting) ... how far we were ... (discrimination).
... (however) ... without "technology support" foreign ... (is) ... got to build in 1949 the first pipeline built in Latin America by Latin Americans. Steel suppliers ... (USA), England, France and Belgium refused to supply the pipes had to manufacture them ... it was one of the world's largest construction ... 25 cm. diameter over 1600 kms. The experience ... ... (helped to do) ... sales pipeline to Turkey, Venezuela and other nations ...
... produce oil rigs and other equipment was beyond the physical capabilities of those days ... figures YPF extraction were languishing ... than three million cubic meters seemed an almost unattainable feat.
{
but the author notes the figures mark YPF growth between 1938 and 1945 from 71.7%}
... ... Gómez Morales: "During the war ... YPF had completed advanced ... the conflict, private companies sought to recover their positions ... this claim was absurd ... (outlined) ... ... distribute a proposed expansion of the market ... it was ... (about) ... 10 million cubic meters were extracted ... 5 ... 5 are cared yes you take that measure oil shall be entitled to participate in the expansion ... no interest made them ... the foreign companies have never shown calling for oil ... "
{
attempt to recover the positions are based on agreements of 1936 that you and were denounced by the Peronist government. Also should compare the position Argentina in 1928 and 1946, also the post-war geopolitical}
... Disturbing domestic production, gambling in the business of import, include us in their "frozen reserve areas is one strategy ... as conditions ... ... So the officials seemed to understand when they bowed Peronist ... ... (by) ... a couple of bad harvests, the international grain dumping, increasing imports ... (for) ... the industry ... (they) ... reached alarming, ... the ... cold war and partisan conflict (Korea) ...
... In this historical and geopolitical context is evaluated ... possible radicalization of the regime ... there is no alternative but to negotiate with imperialism approximation register ... ... to ... (USA).
...
{see its continuation in the "Report ..."}
SOURCE
Carlos Villar Araujo
Crisis
No. 24, April 175
Rent Indian Wedding Dress
PIRATES OF UNDERGROUND OIL - THE LAST WAR MEXICO SOUTH AMERICAN 1911
{
José María Escalier
Cesar L. 
OIL (SOUTH AMERICAN WAR LAST)
...
The conflict could be avoided and a hundred thousand dead faith the tragic toll of this race whose origins are difficult to say exactly ... in the disputed territory, international companies discovered huge reserves previously untapped.
... OIL IS FOUND
... Upper Peruvian chroniclers of colonial times refer to the existence of "bitumen or juices of the earth" that surfaced ... and since the late ... (XIX) started ... (the search) ... oil in Bolivia. Chilean-owned enterprises conducted searches in the departments of Oruro and Potosí, no major results, ... between 1916 and 1918 the English company 'Farquhar' discovers oil at 400 meters. deep in the villages of Cuervo and Charagua. In 1920 under the chairmanship of the firm Guerra Gutierrez liberal ... (U.S.) 'Richmond Levering' ... you get the first concession for exploitation by ... 50 years of one million hectares were approved ... also ... the search of three million hectares in the departments of Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija. You will be exempted from paying taxes and was authorized to make any kind of construction with the sole obligation to give notice to the government. Another extraordinary privilege was the so-called "privilege of a" consistent in possession of 50 kms. ground on each side of the axis of the pipeline to be built ...
{
Argentina was not spared from similar clauses in the case of railway lines}
... According to Sergio Almaraz ... "Oil in Bolivia" the company used illegal means to obtain the grant. Exhibited a false certificate on their solvency ... granted by the banking house Gutiérrez Guerra, whose owners were exactly the president of the nation's other leaders of the Liberal Party. For an incident in ... the ... Stock Exchange in Chile ... ... (the Gutierrez government had fallen War ... in one of the many revolutions Altiplano), it was learned that the 'Richmond Levering' had bribed several towering figures of the regime ... former chancellor ... Pinilla, to obtain privileges under the contract.
In 1920, the U.S. citizen ... James Backus, manager of the 'Bolivian Rawayls Co.' He received another grant of the same nature, also a million hectares. Subsequently, ... under the presidency of Republican Bautista Saavedra, a former opponent ... from the plain had whipped ... the policy of surrender ... (Gutierrez War) was dictated by the Petroleum Law, ... ... that allowed the trust ... 'Braden Williams' interests in Chile through the 'Braden Coopers Mines' obtain an operating permit and prospecting in the territory of the East of more than 1,500,000 hectares ... the son of Braden manager of this trust was Spruille ... ... ... U.S. ambassador in several Latin American and member of the Chaco Peace Conference in Buenos Aires ... ...
... concessions from the 'Richmond' and the 'Backus' were absorbed by the 'Standard Oil Co.' ... the in 1927 he was possessed of vast territories presumably oil. The 'Standard Oil' ... (had) ... commitments to the government for those who were forced to drill a well every 50 thousand hectares and produce at least 2 million barrels a year ... these clauses were never implemented. Altiplano governments could not know the exact amount of oil produced by the 'Standard': the company ... (output) ... mislead stakeholders taking advantage of the confusing international situation prevailing in the years immediately following the Chaco War.
HOW TO GET THE OIL FROM CLOSURE?
(years later he built a pipeline route to the Pacific)
... ... connected to high society was Minister Plenipotentiary Buenos Aires ... in Buenos Aires ... Yrigoyen interviews ... ... (for) ... the construction of a pipeline ... (from) Tarija ... (to) Santa Fe or Yrigoyen Campana ... ... (and) his foreign minister Oyhanarte consulted were interested ... ... ... officials of YPF (the) president ... Mosconi ...: "I believe that the best interests of our country to agree to grant any kind ... of oil, since its construction ... (would be) a true runner of 1500 kms. ... To be delivered to the 'Standard Oil' ara exclusive use ... mind is also a disadvantage for our country and establishment of a company foreign interests and the details of which will not match ever with the procedures and interests of ... Argentina "... Mosconi was consistent with the thought ... the ... (UCR.) ...
... There was ... a goal ...: Do not allow attachment of the 'Standard Oil'. But this nationalist approach forget that the marketing of petroleum products in the Silver was in the hands of British capital and an openness to the U.S., ... (would) ... a balance of influence in the oil market ...
{can not share the latter opinion of the author, as it was facing the distinct and varied roots of international economic interests in each of the areas of Argentina's economy - land, oil meats to name a few -. Besides conflict over oil concessions in the North of Argentina already existed. Also would a price war between YPF and foreign companies, and oil nationalization project at UCR.}
... ... ... Yrigoyen in talks ... to express their wishes Escalier ... it was YPF who built the ... pipeline, at the same time ... that his government would try to avoid the war ... Bolivian-Paraguayan is produced ... the military coup of 06 September 1930 the government evicted Yrigoyen ... Peace falls simultaneously President Siles ... While not sure of the reasons that led these ... coup ...} {for simultaneous, there would be ruled out (apart from the internal problems of each country) that they have been consequences of the pressures and interests play in the international oil policy.
Two years after the collapse of the constitutional systems in Argentina and Bolivia Chaco conflict erupts.
...
OIL COMPANIES DURING THE CONFLICT
... in 1927 U.S. companies ... particularly the 'Standard Oil' ... were presumably possess vast oil ... in the Oriente. ... Scans were performed and searches, setting up a refinery in ... Sanadita. ... For oil rigs Camiri Marchareti, Tigüipa, Camaitindi, etc., All villages near the Chaco.
The 'Standard' proclaimed its neutrality, but moved to Argentina ... a game of valuable elements ... The company continued to develop ... (gasoline) and according to reports ... of both countries, sold either to Bolivia to Paraguay ...
There are precedents for the conduct of international trust ... (by) not identified with any nation at war ... as the Paraguayans came ... ... to the oil-producing areas, the individuals from the 'Standard' began to push the neutrals ... (by) ... a ceasefire and hold harmless their interests.
(there was) ... an incident ... (Argentina by) ... the closure of a radio station that the company had ... ... Tartagal installed by it and linking to the 'Southern Radio Corporation' were sent information without complying with the control standards imposed by the authorities ... to end the war it became apparent that a pipeline underground oil was sent to Argentina ... was based on Bermejo (Bolivia) and ended at Aguas Blancas ... (Salta) where ... the 'Standard' owned facilities.
... June 1935, just days before the cessation of hostilities ... Paraguay ... denounce reported that the League of Nations to intervene in the 'Standard' for Bolivia ... President of the company, Walter Tagle, ... (denied) ... ... any complicity or Buenos Aires ... had made the cease-fire, the complaint ... you never did know.
... In an essay "Conflict of Limits and Possessions in South America" \u200b\u200bpublished by the Library Officer Argentina ... (of) U.S. Gordon ... Ireland ... "You never knew because he joined the diplomatic negotiations ... (al) ... Mr. Spruille Braden. The firm to which he belonged was concession holder ... ... (oil) ... in the disputed territories, appointed by the Secretary ... of State Cordell Hull as a delegate ... attached to the Pan American Conference in Buenos Aires ... ... October 1935 ... Braden activity was unusual: he traveled constantly to La Paz to Asunción, is ... "(Buenos Aires) ...
Historians and scholars ... Bolivia ... (and) ... Paraguayans, have agreed to consider the politics of international oil companies as one of the factors ... (trigger) of the war ... So we have for example in Bolivia ... Sergio Almaraz, "Oil in Bolivia "Tristan Maroff," The Tragedy of the Altiplano " Querejazu Roberto Calvo, "Diplomatic History and Politics of the Chaco War", William Mariaca, "Brief on the Bolivian Oil Industry." N J. Paraguay ... birth González, "Oil, the Chaco War and the liberal oligarchy" Isidro Ramirez, "La Paz del Chaco", John Stefanich, "Chapters of the Paraguayan Revolution", Marco Antonio Laconich, "La Paz del Chaco, a Village Betrayed "Efrain Cardozo," A Brief History of Paraguay, Carlos Pastore in articles published in The Independent Paraguayan "... Montevideo. Among the Argentinians ... Elio Colle, "The Drama of Paraguay"; Arturo Frondizi, "Oil and Politics" Baldrich general brochure, "The Problem of Oil and the Chaco War."
SOURCE Sánchez Bonifato
Todo es Historia
N º 26 June 1969
Biscuits Aunt Jemima Pancake Mix
MEXICO 1911 (LONG MISUNDERSTANDING)
...
In 1911 the ancient regime of Porfirio Díaz, rotten to her spinal collapsed spectacularly ... broke a revolution that had nothing to do with the riots Chirinos operettas or so common in other countries ...
volcano eruption worried many American capitalists, owners of just over half of Mexico, dominated ... 78% of the mines, 72% of foundries, 58% oil, 68% of the rubber plantations and 71% of the railroads.
As the political revolution was exchanged in social rebellion, the concern grew, and when General Victoriano Huerta organized reactionary or weak government, was readily recognized and supported by Britain, also with strong interests in Mexico, especially oil ...
... when Huerta's forces captured some sailors from American ships ... the inevitable Marines landed and occupied Veracruz, forming an act of undeclared war that could lead ... ... in ... a contest in order ...
SOURCE
Miguel Angel Scenna
Todo es Historia
No. 27
July 1969
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