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ARTS.39 AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISION 40 3 ª - CONSTITUTION NATIONAL

NATIONAL CONSTITUTION

... ART. 39: Citizens have a right of initiative to introduce bills in the House of Representatives. The Congress shall consider them within the term of twelve months.

Congress with the vote of an absolute majority of all members of each House, a regulatory law that may not require more than three percent of the national electoral roll within which shall provide for adequate territorial distribution in order to support the initiative.

not be the subject of popular initiative projects involving constitutional reform, international treaties, budget and criminal matters.

ART. 40 : Congress at the initiative of the Chamber of Deputies may submit to referendum a bill. call law may not , be vetoed. The affirmative vote project by the people of the Nation will convert a law and its promulgation shall be automatic.

Congress or the President of the Nation, within their respective powers, shall call a non-binding. In this case voting shall not be binding.

Congress with the vote absolute majority of all members of each house you, will regulate the materials, procedures and timing of the referendum.

... ...

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS ... ...

THIRD: The law regulating the exercise of popular initiative shall be approved within eighteen months of this enactment (Referring to Article 39).

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20 NOVEMBER 1845 - DAY OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

20 NOVEMBER

DAY OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

The November 23, 2010, "LOS ANDES published an about the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado and the supremacy of Buenos Aires, authored by Mr. Roberto Azaretto , which I think deserves some comments.

In the second paragraph the author burden on Mr. Pacho O'Donnell who passing on limited knowledge military history. It is not my intention - nor do I apply - assuming the defense of Mr. O'Donnell, who will respond or not as deemed appropriate.

As the author, from the beginning wins straw in the eyes of others, see as straw and other eye-beams.

Note that blew open dating the battle of the Vuelta de Obligado the 20 FEBRUARY 1845 (¿¡!?) , all the literature on the subject, the law establishing "Sovereignty Day" and across the country are consistent in that it gave 20 NOVEMBER 1845.

Continuing

the author asserting that "the fuerzasporteñas were defeated" , this suggests two thoughts:

1. 1845, a war on the coast of Buenos Aires and given the conditions, it was impossible the troops were made up from Santa Cruz, Formosa and Chaco. Anyway, among the officers in charge of rural bodies was Facundo Quiroga (son of Tigre de los Llanos, La Rioja -). described as "Buenos Aires" and not "Argentine" native troops who fought, it seems a bit much.

2. The author believes that the action ended in defeat Argentina . If considered, as it surely must have thought the Anglo-French - that the thing starts and ends on 20 NOVEMBER could be them victory and defeat our . Following this line of reasoning could be inferred that the Jujuy Exodus was a runaway. may be that the battle is over the NOVEMBER 20, however it was demonstrated that the fight had just begun and would extend April 1846, and will show that the difficulties they had to leave - were higher than those who had to go - so much so that at any given time the invasion fleet was bottled .

addition to not achieving its objectives, must support the continued attacks Argentines, who will inflict major losses in battle.

the author also argues that paragraph other vessels are built to be sunk , according to this statement, I argue that there battles must be fought as so they know "... the Argentines are not pies to be eaten without further work to open his mouth" (Don José de San Martín).

And I contend that Argentina win was because when you got out, did not attempt to re and all ended with treaties that established: evacuation and return of Martin Garcia, return of the ships of war and captured prey it is recognized that the navigation of the Paraná was interior of Argentina subject only to its laws and regulations, as well as that of Uruguay in common with the Oriental Republic (WAS THE CRITICAL POINT OF CONFLICT) recognizes the full sovereignty Argentina. The naval forces of both powers redress the national flag with 21 guns. (Compare these conditions with those imposed on China just before that are developed later)

Following the linear development, adopted by the author asserts that Rosas had military grade politics. Well at that time was being accessed the military grade "barracks" is

entering the army at a young age, in the case of San Martin, who along with Peace - in the pantheon of heroes - Would alone be regarded as "strategists." The rest: Belgrano, lawyer, military become circumstances is credited with two wins (Salta and Tucumán) and two defeats (Vilcapugio and Ayohuma); Sarmiento he held military rank was only "boletinero" Big Army. Mitre military "? Neither in theory nor in practice, defeated by the Indians in Sierra Chica, defeated at Cepeda, "winner? In Pavon, is a Mandingo tracalada revisionists who say that Pavon was "Tongo" and / or "vintage", Curupayty defeated, defeated at La Verde. Roses may not have been a military talent, but surely was not a shyster who graciously granted him a military rank.

The Lord Azaretto continues, in his text, saying: "We never prepared for a conflict with European powers." Paraná River has several branches or channels. Prior to the invasion were prepared defenses in different places of the river: Obligado, La Ramada, Cooper, Acevedo and San Lorenzo. The author includes in this article the weapons had been purchased some guns "to 20" (which could be achieved). The invaders had guns Peyser - rifled first - the brand new gun Pauxhans shell and the Congreve rockets, most of "80 pounds" (all used for the first time in America). Can anyone imagine that he has a monopoly on cutting-edge military technology and is committed to supporting their "claims" in the product of such technology weapons, is willing to share it or sell it to the recipients of its "claims" and demands? "Where the guns come get trade" (Casimir Perier, French Chief of Staff, 1834).

The author continues his argument by asking: is a national trade ban to the provinces? The reason for the conflict passed by the European claim Argentine navigate inland rivers without any control. provincial states that pre-existed the Nation, preconstitutional pacts, which referred to the Constitution, had instructed the governor of Buenos Aires external relations and to control the navigation system of these rivers passing the order. Arturo Jauretche wondered: Free navigation of our rivers?, Who was released do? ... Argentine control and added: Wow you. to navigate freely, "the Thames and will see how it goes!

Azaretto asserts that the fleet was lost - in vain - in front of Montevideo. The situation was that there was a state of war between the Confederation of Argentina and the de facto government of the Republic, under international law, Argentina proceeded to the blockade of Montevideo, after notifying the other nations. Europeans in disregard of international law and standards, violating its neutral status illegitimately seized the Argentina squad.

Then the Lord Azaretto refers to the casualties suffered by the contenders, for the Argentines 40% - for with other historians - increases in a hundred injured in two Argentines and reduces the wounded dozens in Europe. Remember enough to be referenced Curupayty defeat under the leadership of Bartolome Mitre, who after a shower, ordered a bayonet charge on muddy slopes, feigning withdrawal to restart after the attack, the attack sent 17,000 soldiers killed ... 10,000 (ten thousand), including Dominguito son of Sarmiento. The Paraguayans recorded 92 (ninety-two) low.

to here the words of Lord Azaretto and observations, I believe, deserve. For a better picture of the situation still remains some clarifications, months in those conflicting English and French with the participation of a controversial figure like Garibaldi proceeded: bombing and looting of Cologne Gualeguaychú looting, plundering of Salto, there was also an attempt in Paysandu city would have to wait even a few years by martyrdom.

is clear that the Lord Azaretto and I to the same facts have different valuations and in that sense you can go further: England during the 'Napoleonic Wars' executed a strategic option, dismissed the possibility to unify all Hispanic America about 'Carlota', would have been a magnificent fulcrum. And chose a difficult path, but in the medium term lead to 'Balkanization' the continent from the British perspective was a strategic choice. It must also be noted as in harmony with the above will mark out its strategic development : Malvinas, the Rock of Gibraltar, the Suez Canal, Hong Kong.

To approach an understanding of the Vuelta de Obligado what was at stake and their significance, should be kept in mind - in a non-exhaustive - between 1830 to 1867 ,

with England and France in the lead, but with European support, also happened: the conquest of Algeria bombing of San Juan de Ulua (Mexico); bombing of Beirut bombing of Papeete, capital of Tahiti, the Opium War (China); intervention in Egypt bombing of Tangier occupation of Mexico and the crowning of a European emperor (Maximilian I).

worth mentioning the "Opium War" in China from 1841 to 1842 , Europeans proceeded to blockade the coast, rivers occupying a favorable trade treaty - freedom to sell Opium - China gave in and had to compensate for lost merchandise and expenses of war (Treaty of Nanking).

Compare the Treaty of Nanking with the treaties signed by these payments and notice the difference.

These facts and more were mindful of the Argentines in 1845, some chose to fight in Vuelta de Obligado or support this fight is not being Rosas. Others chose to autoconsiderarse 'allies' of Europeans, while they considered them 'auxiliary' , grantees and left in charge of ground control that the 'auditors' preferred do not assume.

This record, at least, should take into account the Argentines in 2010 to assess the Vuelta de Obligado and its significance.

July

Irrazabal

LE. 8152370

jairrazabal@hotmail.com

www.hastaelpelomasdelgado.blogspot.com

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PEATEÓN

SAY NO PEDESTRIAN

(fragment)

LEAVE, THE WIND UP, ANY MORNING ... ... raising the

PATIENCE, STRESSING

the dreams that ...

FLEE BEFORE OUR

... LUCKY DOG;

... RUNNING TOWARD ONE, ONLY URGENT

... I PEDESTRIAN, TELL ME ... ...

TELL ME THAT I SAY: YOU MUST DO SOMETHING OLD ...

TO DO SOMETHING AND SOON AND HERE, NO FURTHER

IR ...

Because I do not CAME OUT OR THE LANGUAGE ...

HERE AND NOW, I SAY, NOT more laps,

... WHAT TO DO WHAT DO BROTHER UNDER THE RAIN?

... WHAT TO DO WHAT DO BROTHER POSTER LACERA?

WHERE THE COCA COLA SE MATA DE RISA ...

ME BECAUSE IM NOT WITH OTHER arrangements and ASPIRIN;

... I PEDESTRIANS, BE GUILTY OF CROWD,

... NOT BUY MORE TRAMS!

TELL

NO, NO ... NO ROUND AND DRY!

AND FOR ALL THE TRAVEL NOT SAY A Cannon Shot!

... NO! UNTIL I DO NOT HAVE THE THIRTY-THREE OF HAND!

...

COMPADRE Do you realize? SIMPLE THING WAS

... FREEDOM IS EXERCISE

... SAY NO ,

... JUST TRY

COMPADRE, BEGIN BY NO MORE SMALL

TELL

... EVERYWHERE ...

... NOT THE APPALLING ... famine.

... NO TO YANKEES IN CUBA (OR ANYWHERE)

NO KILLED IN THE VIETNAM WAR ...

TO HUMILIATE THE BLOOD AND IN SANTO DOMINGO ...

SAY NO

openly TABLE WHERE YOU UNTIL

SPREAD BY THE WHOLE COUNTRY NO

A ... BIG AS A HOUSE

DAY WHERE WE CAN STAY

OUR DREAMS ... BUT IF

CASE FEEL THE AIR AS A SOUND

VILLAGE WALK, FLOW IN SI TORRENTE

to fetch PEER

RIVERS ... Raise up

IN HONOR OF THE COUNTRY WE LOVE AND LEAVE A

SAY YES , SIMPLY

Armando Tejada Gómez

{text provided by Mario Palavecino - Retired Officers and Retired Coordinator of Mendoza - July Adaptation Irrazabal text}

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SAY NO TO THE COVENANT, THE OIL AND OIL TRUST LANACIONALIZACIÓN

THE COVENANT AND THE OIL

... (to consider) ... oil ... our history has two poles ... the first ... (YPF. and Mosconi) ... (and) ... contracts, initiated by he signed with the 'California Argentina' ... one to another ... is an almost unexplored chronological gap ... in which the concerted action of "World Oil Cartel" introduced its principles in our country and determines all ... (possible) ... politics ... (national) ... (and) ... in short, was the oil policy ... dominant political ... contemporary born Roca-Runciman Pact, was largely the result and the reason for contracts ...

... (Roca-Runciman Pact) ... (was) a system by which we are governed cows ... ... also the currency and oil.

... ... To make address changes ... Argentine oil between the revolution of 1930 and beginning of the Peronist government, it would be ... (must attend) ... the establishment and consolidation of the "International Petroleum Cartel '... (the) ... review is based ... research ... (of) ... Senate (U.S.) ... in 1952 ...

ORIGIN AND CONSOLIDATION OF INTERNATIONAL POSTER

... (the) ... establishment of a "Cartel International, goes through various stages ... shall be ... (must have) ... reason enough to encourage capital ... antagonistic to reconcile ... for the perfect articulation of such a complex mechanism as a 'cartel' ... can not be the result, ..., a first piece of paper, but the product of long experience that fits the relationship of the parties and establishes institutions and trading companies ... necessary ...

THE ORIGINS OF THE POSTER

... a holding company focused vertically capital ... ... a "Trust" or a "cartel" are horizontal organizations ... (its component lost) ... her personality and independence ... (with) ... ... limits that have been agreed ... (the) ... "Holdings" could fit in a single "Cartel" ... (and) ... also components ... (of a 'cartel') ... ... can be a "holding" ... (it is) ... its proportionate interest in a specific sector ... example, distilleries, pipelines or shipping, which ... are used together and according to the proportions assigned ...

{I would an intervention to highlight the contemporary and parallel events in our country and world, Argentina created its

'Address' before the U.S. and the action shows a 'keep up' with the subject. Argentina starts simultaneously with the world oil process will be enemies of the Argentine

}

... ... the first agreement between big companies ... (where) ... the price war broke out in India between ... (the) ... ' Standard Oil '... and ...' Royal Dutch Shell 'in 1927 and then ... widespread ... (to Europe and America) ... (and) ... that ... (to) reconcile this fight ... ruined ... (looked) ... an agreement on maximum oil heads ... Teagle ... ('Standard'), Deterding ... ... ('Royal Dutch Shell') and Codman ... ... ('Anglo Persian') ... (were) ... the bases of an initial agreement ... (on 9/17/1928) ... (called) ... "Pool Association of 1928" or ... "Achanacarry Agreement" ... (by the castle where it was signed) ... containing the 'basics' ... (known) ... as early "as-is"

• (Consider 1928 as base to determine the share to the future in each other's business.
• (Use all the installations, equipment and facilities).
• (Restrict the construction of new facilities)
• (unification of product prices, regardless of their point of origin).
• ... supply obligations from the area ... closer. Hold
• overproduction ... ...
• Delete all competition program ...

... (the) Contracting ... ... (agreement) ... the prices were ... (controllable) ... (and) ... to neutralize the competition of Russian oil ...

CONSERVATION POLICY

principles ... " As-is "... (from surgery) ... by 1930, with the slogan of conservation ... (from) reserves ... (USA) ... at ... (19/01/1929) ... created the" Export Petroleum Association Inc "... it was the regulator of U.S. exports and prices in the world market ... (and) ... penetration had begun in the Middle East. The 'Iraq Petroleum Co. Ltd.' ... was formed with the support of French capital, American and British concessions to exploit the 'Turkish Petroleum Co.' Mr. Gulbenkian and those who gave in exchange for shares in the corporations ...

... the "cartel As-is" ... (identify) ... ... policy and its objectives with the defense ... ... ( USA) ... missing all limits ... among them best ... and the convenience of U.S. foreign policy ...

... Oil policy ceased to be an expression of business ... ... to become a public policy interest to the major foreign powers ... ...

POSTER IN EUROPE

Simultaneously ... (reach) Romania ... (an) agreement ... "As-is" and its national oil companies ... (accepted) ... reduce its production competitive in exchange for better prices ... featuring a European market governed by the "cartel" ... 1932 ... conference ... (with assistance ) Russian representatives ... (with the goal / excuse) ... the interests of global conservation ... (who) ... was the faithful portrait of the principles of "As-is" ... Russia ... (was) part ... (1932) of "cartel" Swedish ... (1935) of German ... (until that year he retired).

to ... 1935 ... (year of the signing of the Roca-Runciman Pact), the "cartel" ... (had) ... managed to balance production and consumption ... solved the problem ... of the antitrust laws ... ( USA) and suppressed the Russian intervention in the global market.

witch hunt

... 1955, "Economic Comissiona for Europe '... (he) ... a report on the oil trustificación, repeating the findings of the' Federal Trade Commission '... nature ... secret ... (above)" ... an influence damaging the European economy in the interests of the monopolies "...

PRICE 'FOB' PRICE 'CIF'

('FOB' = 'Free On Board' = price of goods placed free on board" ) is ... the price ... in place ... boarding.

('CIF' = 'Covered Freigthen Invoice' = price in the port of destination)

... in the ... (first) ... freight ... (by) ... the buyer and the ... ( second) ... (and) ... the seller.

... (by) ... Achanacarry ... (was found) ... commodity prices at the same ... ... (however point) ... ...

origin

... equal prices in consumer markets located at distances the disparate

sources ... ... the price

'FOB' ... (includes a phantom freight always against the buyer) ... (for) ... the Arab oil European buyer paid as if the product came from ... (USA) . And the Latin American consumer products - Americans - paid a phantom freight as if the origin is Arabic.

This system

... ... extortion and monopoly, the 'Cartel' called it ... "retain the geographical advantages" ... (was a) ... no free market competition, Argentina was no exception, ALWAYS YOUR IMPORT WAS BILLED 'FOB' ON TEXAS WITH THE FREIGHT CHARGE ... GHOST ... Here's how cunning ... the 'Cartel' to keep the division of clientele ... (all the oil activity in the country, conducted by the U.S. and England adhered to the principles 'as-is').

... (20/01/1930) ... new deal ... 'Memorandum to European Market' ... (for) ... the problem of world domination ... "agreed to act as a unit" ... (for) ... control ... production the mining areas ... and ... the distribution of markets consumers in the areas ... ... ...

The 'Cartel' ... no longer a simple agreement or a kind of ideal entity to become a real life body with authorities ... ... (made up) ... and ... (his) ... roles were the global application of principles 'as-is' ... ... the great expansion began to become holding companies and intermediary companies, involving perfectly planned ... so wove the intricate mesh of relationships that has s example ... In oil exploitation in the Middle East.

FINAL SET

... 1934 ... His object was subjected to uncontrolled producers ... (in) ... the local markets ... with the 'cut price' that could make those companies outside the conventions ... To ... (fix e) ... involve these 'uncontrolled' within the 'signs' local, in ... (06.1934) ... a new agreement ... 'Draft Memorandum of Principles' that ... (gave) the principles 'as-is' the nature of nature rules comprehensive and lasting ...

{And yet there are those who pretend to doubt, if the coup of '30 did or did not smell of oil!}

...

With this final adjustment, ... remove or neutralize 'the moths of the market "... {} YPF for example, the' cartel '... (consolidated ) ... its dominance in the global market. No other 'cartel' in any financial or industrial activity took the capitalist power and profits of the "oil cartel." No other involved ... (in) their action so many vested interests, that the same could push the world economy giants that government. Energy is the basis of all global activity and the controlled ... ... as a monopoly and perfect agreement, seven large companies, five of ... (USA) and two English ... a new division of the world ... since then and nothing has changed.

...

THE WORLD DOMINO

... (with) ... ... Achanacarry Convention (1928) ... and through ... three ... development tools, had reached an international agreement ... ...

{affecting all included - and especially - the non-signatories and / or excluded}

... the global and lasting effect principles "as-is" ... (claimed) ... a total domination ... (worldwide) ...

... ... the performance of any ... (member) ... the 'Cartel' was independent ... but ... well planned and coordinated. Even in Argentina. The sales figures of these companies were not ... resulting from the competition ... each company had lost its autonomy ... and had become a mere agent of a superior being ... ... and that was governed from London or New York ... { either eliminating all competition} ... ... the 'Cartel' possessed 82.10% of the extracted ... and 77.70% of refining capacity outside ... (USA) ... the undisputed monopoly of the oil industry ...

{This last figure on the ability refining gives us the importance of the distillery of La Plata, inaugurated by YPF, which at that time was the fourth in the world.

All

... ... most particularly the international oil market. Argentina was not an exception in that market ...

GROUP "AS-IS" IN ARGENTINA

The two ombudsmen from the 'Cartel' ... in ... Argentina ... in the beginning and before ... Achanacarry agreement, subsidiaries of the 'Standard' ... and 'Royal Dutch Shell', which then acted independently ... (as) 'West Indian Oil Co.' - 'WICO'-... (' Standard ') ... (and) ...' Cía. Energine the Jets' ... (Royal) ... most of the gasoline imported ... ... In 1929 installed directly 'Argentina Shell Mex Ltd.' and ... 'Shell Mex SA de Navigation' ... (the same directory 'Energine') ... by all ... transport operations (English) ... When ... Achanacarry ... (1928) ... (and) the principles of "As-is" in ... Argentina's formed companies ... (British and U.S.) ... to ... before ... had been devoted to hoarding of concessions and searches and the concentration of business ... ... (initially) independent ... ... the companies apparently retained its independence ...

PRE-CONCENTRATION

... 'Standard' operates ... through 'Lubricantina', 'Galena Signal 'and' overseas '... His areas of operations and concessions ... searches were ... Plaza Huincul (Neuquén) and Salta ... ... The British group was installed, with all privileges in Comodoro Rivadavia ... (through) to ...' Oil Transportation '' Cía. Argentina de Comodoro Rivadavia ',' Astra ',' Tiara 'and' Cía. General de Combustibles. "

'Astra' was merged ... with the 'Cía. East ', the' Cía Argentina de Comodoro Rivadavia "... with the 'Railroad Argentina Oil '...' Diadema Argentina 'covers ...' Brilliant ',' Pearl ',' Rubi 'and' Torch Argentina '...

... The prior existence of that base of support on which ... (is) supported ... the 'Cartel' ... is sin originates from Argentina's oil policy ... within that policy there was an interlude of the general national trend ... ... ... Mosconi this interlude ended, coincidentally, with the agreement Achanacarry ... ... (1928) ...

MARKET Petrolera Argentina - 1921/1935

... 1921/1935 ... prevailing position of YPF. in extraction - 74% to 26% of companies - 1926/1930 ... ... YPF. production rises 86.4% ... ... Mosconi started the price war and reduce the price of ... ($ 0.29) ... in 1924 ... ($ 0.30) ... 1930 ... local gasoline production was done at less cost than imported naphtha ... ...

Mosconi

but disappeared from the stage ... {e Hipólito Yrigoyen and the government of the UCR. Uriburu coup of '30 and by} ... and came ... with vigorously Achanacarry agreement ... in a market where there was a 'loose cannon' ... YPF.

The ... agreement required the parties to respect the situation that everyone had ... in 1928 ...

... the 'Cartel' was distributed in installments ... all the oil available to keep ... ( la) ... situation in each market so that an imbalance in ... Argentina ... (affected) ... other geographical areas ...

1931/1935

... position ... YPF. visibly deteriorated ... lost the pace of growth ... (catching) ... lost ... positions in the supply ...

This was the scene ... (oil) ... when he signed the Roca-Runciman Pact and ... agreed to a deal benevolent foreign capital ... again ... as in meat, transport, utilities, loans and currency ... (USA) and the English left arm to better secure Argentina's economy to their particular interests .

...

THE BEGINNING OF A PLAN

..., 1936 ... (minister) ... Agriculture ... of which depended ... YPF. ... Miguel Angel Carcano ... (that) ... as deputy had defended the Roca-Runciman Pact ... (for) ... "the senselessness of fighting with England our best client and friend "... (would prevail), in all its glory," the lenient treatment "to foreign capital ... (Decree) 82 162 ... (create) a Special Committee ... on the best scheme to ensure the effectiveness of ... oil wealth and progress of public organizations that exploit ... "in the competition ... (En) based on price increases and fight prejudice ... in ... (other companies) ... or jeopardize the progress of ... (YPF.) ... within the tolerable limits of commercial competition "... strange that ... cuss openly about benefits of competition and introduced the State ... as a market regulator controller and ...

82162

That decree was a sequel to 'Draft Memorandum' and the Special Committee to negotiate a bridge ... ... (with) companies ... the 'Cartel' ... (the) "As-is."

• (Solving) ... late ... (on) ... or punishing tax reserves its reduction ... ... ... settlement ... facilitating foreign exploitation ...
• (recognition) ... under the pretext of private ownership of land concessions individuals included in the reserves, when the property does not, legally, no right ... (the) ground.
• omitted the passage of a clear and precise legislation that would protect ... (oil) ... ... to the national awards and searches hoarding and concentration ... in ... non-national firms.
• (delayed) ... (15) years to be a national company for the operation ... of Comodoro Rivadavia and Plaza Huincul and ... (allowing) their reserves are lower than they had in their capitals around the exterior.
• (acknowledge and agree) ... legal personality to corporations that were mere subsidiaries of foreign oil companies, with ... (10) ... years before the personality of YPF ...
• (consent) the uncontrolled exploitation ... (by) ... ... companies (foreign) ... handled on a whim that the import of petroleum and its derivatives.

undisguised

... was ... the ... plan had been hatched to ... (effectuate) ... the 'lenient treatment' ... Roca-Runciman Pact.

DECREE N º 86639

...

... the report was of a generally amazing and ... was sustained by a rhetoric of circumstances ... but I had to abhor ... thirty ... years of advocacy of private enterprise ... reigns ... inconsistency of the decree n º 82162 and ... the same underhanded intention using the popular feeling to disguise the fraud antitrust ...

... Decree n º 86639 arbitrating as a solution to everything ... to prohibit the import or export ... and allow ... (YPF.), exclusively for ... (a ) ... future such activities in quarterly installments that the proposal would set the PE, ... the government attributed the unfair competition ... to import, when the five had declined and in fact the problem ... (originated from) ... increased individual withdrawals ... (by) ... positions of privilege that ... (they) ... aliens (the) ... country ... view of the danger of trustificación no action was taken ... no ... (if applicable) ... ... existing repressive laws (in addition) exclusive ... (of) ... YPF to handle the import ... ( meant only) ... ... YPF administration for its ability ... (refining) ... for their customers ... not ... (could) ... use ... the entire import ... only put it in their power to justify, officially, that ... (YPF) ... enter into negotiations with private companies ... (neatly) presented ... as trustificado foreign capital and was forced to use ... (to) ... ...

Argentine government ...

... despite the alarmist appearance of the decree, everything was like before ... private companies are not detracted from sales or customer ... nor ... oversaw ... (the) local mining and ... ... marketing to their own ... (if any) ... the need ... (agree) ... (distribution) ... imported oil.

...

British companies specialized in importing and trading of fuel oil received benevolent treatment which involved the only requirement to register in a register.

...

... all the subterfuge is exposed, the decree n º 86639 had only one purpose: to allow private companies to take the arm to 'uncontrolled' YPF., To ... a general agreement left on the carpet ... of " Draft Memorandum of Principles "... framing the activities of YPF in the convenience of the 'Cartel' ...

... diplomatic intervention is added ... the term of registration ... (importers) ... (Was) ... very critical time, the embassy ... (USA) managed to ... Foreign Affairs officially the extension of time ... (that) ... it was agreed to and consulted companies ... with no constraints to their cities and waited for instructions from Committee Central London ... why not register right away? Were they not Argentine corporations?. And then what diplomatic intervention ...?

THE PROVISIONAL AGREEMENT

... (8/29/1936) ... forty days ... (then) ... the Decree No. 86639, all companies ... operating in the country signed an agreement ... ..

this Interim Agreement

... ... (and) ... the principles of "As-is" ... (show) ... a strange and remarkable similarity ... in the process of holding the 'uncontrolled' local ... deleted ... (completely) ... the ... competition, recognized and respected the clientele of each participant in ... (each) ... ... area, stabilizing sales quotas ... and thus ... the selling price; suppressed all sales promotion spending to freeze the salaries of resellers ; ... holding its customers to 'a Brand '..., was created a Court - completely extralegal - and above existing laws ... the likeness of the Tribunals or Committees "As-is" ... (of) ... London and New York ... a true Trust, with your letter ... constitution ... (and) ... in which YPF ... was in the minority.

GOVERNMENT CONFIRMS THE TRUST

Two days later ... ... (of) ... Interim Agreement, the Executive was approved by Decree n º 89379 ... (8/31/1936) ... ... adding to the instructions ... ... a definitive agreement ... ... equitable behold ... the market ...

This decree was inspired ... ... Achanacarry faithfully ... (but) ... instead of concrete a 'Cartel' particular ... now ... State ... ... a Trust sponsored by violating the laws of the country. This position blatant and accomplice, is a fact unprecedented in the history of Argentine law was to suppress your bone ... 'fruitless struggle' ... "which hurt the consumer" ... the struggle ... (characterized by competition = lower prices disappearing) ... not explain how the lower prices could harm ... (to) ... consumer ... was intended to consolidate those companies removing all competition trustificadas ... ... (to) encourage the equitable sharing of market and price support customer ... suppress their right to self ... {unified market, with no alternative options} ... (recognizing that ) ... the State ... (remember) the legal right to appoint agents ... is the same thing ... these companies recognize extraterritorial rights ... ...

THE FINAL AGREEMENT

... (09.29.1036 and 19.12.1936 are signed) ... these were approved Definitive Agreements by the Executive Power decree No. 99693 ... ... (02/15/1937).

... the positions of the signatories were ... (determined by) the sales ... (of) ... 1935 ... (the) ... sales quotas were reduced strictly on gasoline ...

... the measure was not be modified without the consent of the parties ... YPF could not increase their technical capacity development without the permission of the great ... technical expansion YPF - in times of Mosconi aggressive containing nationality - is subject ... even prior agreement members 'Cartel' ... {Eliminated competition and individual initiative ...} ...

REDUCTIONS TO RETAILERS

... important ... was the administration of subsidies which were assigned to resellers ...

... ... (1935) ... the bonus ... (was) ... of $ 0.035 per liter of gasoline ... ... was reduced to a penny and a half ... the difference ... (and) ... the concept ... (was a reduction between 1936 and 1940) ... $ 120,654,040, which is stole ... (a) resellers in the sales only items (gasoline) ... (Was "to organize the market")

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRICE FOB.

Decree No. 86639 ... (was a) ... YPF management of imports ... then the decree n º 89379 ordered ... the equitable distribution of the market ... (and) ... the need to sustain price ...

..., national extraction was done at less cost than the international price FOB the port of Houston ... (Texas) ... for domestic oil was not charged with phantom freight between the Persian Gulf the Caribbean. For ... (it) ... Mosconi, who worked with national values, could cut prices and compete with foreign firms was supplied ... the international import fob ...

... in 1936 (YPF) ... to agree with the 'Cartel' ... Independence lost ... instead of price (cost) national opted by the international price (with ghosts costs) ... on international FOB value ... are adding a phantom freight, plus freight from Houston to the Rio de la Plata ...

{

and added an international freight cost already in the country to the place of consumption and but there was no national price by region}

... Since then all decrees that fixed prices were calculated on the international price.

... ... the introduction of the FOB price ... as the standard for prices ... (internal) ... contributed a profit on the domestic mining companies (through various maneuvers) established the price YPF, as well as resellers are limit their profits.

other consequences

... ... (to implement the FOB value) ... was the incidence ... (about) ... costs industry and the cost of living ... (locked) ... industrial development and decreased their ability to compete with imported goods ... (USA) and the Northern industry was driven by fuel itself and the 'Draft Memorandum '... (set) ... states that the principles "As-is" had no application to ... (USA) ...

... in (U.S.) with the actual fuel cost ... national governing the policy that was implemented in Argentina ... (Yrigoyen y) ... ...

Mosconi

PARALLEL INTERNATIONAL POSTER

... ... in 1932 ... Argentina was 'uncontrolled' ... (proper to apply) ... the ... 'Heads Distribution Agreement for' ... (Article 1 º): "Principles" as-is "must paramount in all countries, except for ... (USA) "... was ... the starting point for our country to hold 'Cartel' ... ...

Finally the dome of this whole system was Oil Arbitral Tribunal with legal and extralegal authority ... any commercial and criminal litigation as drew from his strong specific and ... (was) ... an incompetent jurisdiction and unconstitutional ... this resource could sustain a system accomplice trustificado perfectly in every detail, even though there antitrust laws in the country ... was a direct result ... of lenient treatment ... Roca-Runciman Pact ...

COURT ARGENTINE OIL "?

... (was) ... created to approve these agreements the Executive Decree No. 99693 on their functions were purely and simply the application of principles you "as-is."

...

A MOSCONI ROB THE OIL

... (some people have argued that) ... the political conventions ... was ... (it) ... only to assure the progress and survival of ... (YPF). Nothing is more fallacious ... Conventions achieved ... ... capitalize on the advantages gained unfair competition in a ... ... act as trust despite the antitrust laws ... profoundly alter the sense of nationalism ... (of) ... Mosconi ... by (lo) ... completely opposite ... and ... stop ... a petroleum regime that threatened and Mexico ... eradication detonate foreign companies ... ... getting the secure stability and permanence in the future. In the future, who survives.

... ... ... eight years in the administration ... (of) ... Mosconi was able to stop delivery and total ... 250% incrementaren fiscal activity, exceeding the preponderance ... ... (until then) ... they had ... in English capital sales and ... (USA) ... (with the price war is) ... asserts the 'national cost' to the international price ... ...

... After the fall of the Hipólito Yrigoyen Republic was involved clouds. Capitulated to the Roca-Runciman Pact gave its agriculture and its currency and ... well ... oil.

... The 'Cartel' ... moved their FOB price to our domestic market, disappeared ... the national cost and prices are governed by import prices.

... ... then someone invented the need to expedite the processing of oil extraction ... since 1955 ... the heyday of the era of the "Contract" ... it was a repetition of the same tactics ... the tree obscures the forest. Today and always the problem of self-sufficiency is that the basement ... it is non-transferable property of the nation ... the bottom line is to meet the needs of the homeowner and not-national capital ... no ... just talking about expropriation expiry of the concessions that have more than ten years agreed, in technically that term got its revenue and capital facilities are paid off ... no need to 'scan contract' that ... only serve as a smokescreen to make people forget ... (which) ... behind them ... (are) ... firms the 'Cartel' ... comfortably settled in our land ...

A CONFESSION FROM

The report of the 'Federal Trade Commission' ...: "The application by the 'Standard' ... and 'Shell Mex" principles "as-is" in Argentina was complicated by the existence of ... (YPF) ... until 1936 ... YPF ... (up) ... I inspections on profits on the sale of gasoline ... the group "As-is" did in the market ... heavy products, until 1937 the share s of the established sales ... the most important international companies according to the principles of "As-is" and on the basis of the shares they had in sales and 'base period' of 1928.

... (01/01/1936) ... the distribution of shares was subject to a general review

(DIMENSIONS TO PARAGRAPH)

The report ... (said) ... the obstacle that ... (it was ) ... ... YPF (recognizes) that since its signing in 1928 the principles Achanacarry "As-is" application in the country had to split the sales ... between the two big companies ... (signatories of the agreement) ... to 1937, the market had ... 'uncontrolled' YPF ... ... (this) was losing out to the group "As-is" in sales of gasoline, but remained substantial profits ... in the market for heavy products.

... (01/01/1936) ... the 'Cartel' made an adjustment of fees ... ... Executive Power decree No. 82162 appointed the Special Committee ... the signing of agreements in 1936 meant ... the incorporation of YPF to "As -is "...

SOURCE

Juan Carlos Vedoya

Everything is History

No. 84, May 1974