Drinking With Wrist Injury

THE PRICE OF NAFTA IN MENDOZA

PRICE NAFTA - DAILY MENDOZA

"THE ANDES 18.11.2010

ASKED TO CHECK THE COST NAFTA AS IN BUENOS AIRES ...

face ... sustained growth in demand, YPF ... pus up a modern oven ... that ... a 7% increase its refining capacity ... (with) ... the cost of u $ s 47.5 million ... the governor ... Jaque doubled the stakes by asking that the prices paid at the pump is equated Mendoza to Buenos Aires.

distillery

... concentrates 20% of YPF fuel production in the country, where the oil leads to more than half the market were ... Vice President of the company, Eskenazi ... ... Minister De Vido, Jaque surprised to anticipate that it will be a condition for renegotiating the extension of the exploitation contracts ...

... (Jaque) ... "... want to benefit from Mendoza and did not pay for fuel more than they paid in federal capital. Must end with the iniquities of the prices at the pump, taking to the distillery so close ... It is one of the points of the renegotiation in addition to being required to pay an additional royalty. "

That would be a plus ... 2% ... government No ... (rule) ... you have a rise in international oil prices, is applied to 20% on the exchange rate gap ... Jaque was supported by De Vido ... "It seems very appropriate to what he said governor to extend contractual terms that issue can be resolved "...

{See:" THE ANDES ", 07/27/1909. In Blog "Gasoline, Oil and other herbs"}

"UNO", 16.12.2010

gasoline went up 21% IN A YEAR

fuels rose 3.5% yesterday on average ...

Less than a month after the governor ... Jaque ... asked oil companies to charge the same price of gasoline in Mendoza in Capital Federal, YPF fuels rose 3.5% on average yesterday.

... ... since the early years ... the highest of the highs reached 21% in the case of the "Fangio XXI."

Vice President Mendoza's Vending Association and Allied Naphtha (AMENA), Federico Ricci, said he did not know sise can raise prices again ... before the end of 2011. He explains that "there a resolution, the 295, ... (for) ... which oil companies can not increase the value of gasoline without the permission of, the national executive. "

... (about) ... ... the price difference (between) ... some parts of the country in Mendoza, Ricci said that "the values \u200b\u200bare becoming more homogeneous and gaps were shrinking, except for Federal Capital, where ... (there is) ... a major difference. "

in annual accumulated values, the 'Premium' rose 21 %..., the 'Super' 14 %..., The 'Euro' 12% ... and the 'GNC' 14% ...

"LOS ANDES, 12.12.2010

NAFTA" FOR ALL?

... (12/21/2010) ... decision of the Secretary of Commerce ... (released) ... the price of fuel, frozen ... ... (from) ... ... 17 August (for application) ... The old law of supply ... in a time when there was no problem and released now when the increased demand may be problems ...

... The companies argue increases in costs (inflation and wages ...) and increases in the price of raw material prices ... ... (in part by exchange rate appreciation) and are above or equal to the price ... in neighboring countries.

... worst thing is that release ... and validate price increases when they are both still "depressed" price of crude oil in the domestic market, hurting ... producing provinces who are sacrificing, on average, 50 % annual royalty ... Mendoza ... (lose) ... by the national government's political decision ... almost u $ s 100 million ...

... (the) government ... national ... said keeping the price of crude walked away from international prices, was to have no inflation and that the fuels were available. All lies ... So far this year with mini increases, gasoline 'Premium' have increased by 36%, ... the 'Super' ... more than 28% ...

We ... faced with a corporate agreement that benefits ... YPF which has the largest market share, and ..., the government helps Argentine entrepreneurs to amortize their investments more quickly.

... so far no governor ... (has) done nothing to reverse this situation ... (Jaque) ... caught a glimpse of a complaint by the retail prices in Mendoza, which are the most expensive in the country, ...

PRICE AS ARGUMENTS YPF APPLIES anachronistic MEASURING SYSTEM IS "IMPORT PARITY" ie IMPORT PRICE POSITION AT THE PORT OF DOCK SUD , which, ..., WILL APPLY Freight BUENOS AIRES - MENDOZA. true Everything ... nonsense ... Mendoza has a refinery itself from which supplies and has its own production ... the argument has no head or tail.

{the author does not say, but these are the principles "AS-IS" the 'Cartel' oil Achanacarry Convention born in 1928, in force - 'aggiornamiento' - almost a century after

}

... more severe when compared to retail prices in other jurisdictions further away from Buenos Aires ... Jujuy and Misiones. In these provinces, the fuels are cheaper than in Mendoza.

... Mendoza produce oil, which we pay slightly more than half the international price and we have a refinery model, but we pay the most expensive gasoline in the country. If there is no political ways, legal ways should be tested ... our leaders are members of the abuse did nothing to stop this outrage ... ... affecting the competitiveness of our production.

... ... the governments of Cristina and Nestor Kirchner have hurt ... in Mendoza, with the consent of governors obsequious as Cobos and Jaque ...

{see blog: "NAFTA, OIL AND OTHER HERBS" 17.12.2009 }

Nys Unemployment Weekley

AND CONTINUES GOOD STORY OF PIPE - GODOY CRUZ - TREATMENT PLANT WASTE AND PERÓN

" LOS ANDES, 20.01.2011

PEDEMONTE IN RESISTANCE TO INSTALL IS A WASTE PLANT

Neighbors West

godoicruceño cut the wings path for future installations. Whistleblowers ... deny ... From the town in August will be working.

A group of neighbors autoconvocados ... (of) foothill godoicruceño ... ... with the endorsement of the owner of Ravines field, installed a bar in ... (the) ... way to prevent ... (start) ... construction work.

neighbors According ... the decision ... respond to the rejection of the installation of the plant ... in place ... well not have done environmental impact studies ... ...

... , from the town ... argue that this is false and that "no way" would support and authorize construction without the study and the endorsement of the agencies involved.

... (on) place the company 'HORMICON' recently acquired and which is provided for the installation of the plant ...

... Nine days ago the workers of the company arrived at the scene ...

" January 11 people came from the company ..."

... " not submitted the draft environmental impact of this area just had one from another land is a kilometer below and is approved ... never made the report ... "

THE Tranquero

On Wednesday 12, after a first and only visit of the representatives of the business 'HORMICON' the place, neighbors ... (is met) ... participated Barrancos field owners ... and ... approved the installation of the gate to keep out any person outside the area ...

SO ALL IS MADE LEGAL

Oscar

Sandes, director of Public Works and Services said ... it would be "impossible to pass such a work without the environmental impact study done and the approval of ex CRICyT and all agencies."

According Sandes, more than two years, began the proceedings and are currently starting work ... have not started work because no inspection has been requested yet.

" The company bought 40 acres that are very well installed (sic) ... is all just fine and soon had the tentative ... but ... not ... as good as this. In addition there were five ha just "

He noted that ... ... is a model plant ...

" ... The plant is planned in airtight houses, so that odors will not be felt from outside ... "the end of July or early August and is running.

The first stage of the work is valued at $ 14 million ... the second ... (in) 12 million more.

////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////

{See blog: "GODOY CRUZ: MSW. THE STORY OF THE GOOD PIPE ", 17.12.2009. Godoy Cruz is a department that is known for being almost entirely urban, densely populated its small territory and population, on average, making it economically, this above the provincial average. Given these characteristics, it is questionable whether it is appropriate to insist on the installation of a waste treatment plant within its small territory, which must be added the opposition of neighbors. You should also be noted that in San Carlos, Maipú and Las Heras no waste treatment plants. Other issues to consider already been discussed in the blog entry referred to.}

OUR TALKING THINGS

collection, selection and adaptation of texts

July Irrazabal

Cell: 154.713277

jairrazabal@hotmail.com

www.hastaelpelomasdelgado.blogspot.com

" UP HAIR THINNER ..."

GODOY CRUZ: MSW. (1). THE STORY OF THE GOOD PIPA

(1): MSW

From information on printing press, so as to avoid pointless discussions.

AUGUST 2007: San Martín Department, could not enter the dump, because access was blocked by ... Waste.

JANUARY 2009: OIKOS: "... the treatment of waste (s) uncontrollable . Gran Mendoza ... (only recycled) 50% of the waste ... failed to stem the proliferation of landfills in the irrigation channels ... "

MARCH 2009: Palmyra Huge 100 meters underground dump. Mendoza River east and 4 km. North of Palmira ... there others in the Lane Montecaseros (Chivilcoy) and Llosa Street (Three Porteñas). Dozens of people surgeon.

Conclusion is a longstanding problem with a future expansion - in the garbage -. is a big problem and urge to do something.

Something has been done . Mendoza had been built in waste treatment plants, almost silently and without conflict: Las Heras, Maipú and San Carlos.

JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2008. ANNOUNCEMENTS WERE TOO.

Governor Celso Jaque, Madam President Fernandez, both accompanied by G. Carmona - Secretary of Environment -.

MENDOZA WITHOUT DUMP TWO YEARS. "There is no open dumps in Mendoza."

Consortium Forming Public Waste Management.

" ... the task is extended to all departments ... Associations of municipalities will be organized by region ... in Las Heras will focus all trash Capital, Godoy Cruz and Guaymallén. (The funds) "the nature of subsidy money is not returned."

45 DAYS LATER. GODOY CRUZ EXCEPT: This case has frequently been treated by the press, devoted to notes and even unborn shaken Godoy Cruz plant, since its announcement 03/29/1908 to 02/12/2009 brother piedmont neighbors Godoy Cruz lodged a complaint to the State Attorney's Office and ask for their intervention.

REASONS FOR GODOY CRUZ . " When in 2007 the company ... (of) Borbollón ... almost tripled the amount charged per ton. ... Were forced to reuse a open dump. "

apparently Godoy Cruz, disdains - In March 2008 a provincial plan to not join the consortium, which provided access subsidized funds, non-refundable and service immediately.

Given the intent of the fee increase would have been successful trading the three municipalities together users with the support of provincial and national governments as a national consortium organized and the other funds contributed, especially when existed (and exists) the clear possibility of agreeing with the soles of Maipú and / or San Carlos. Apparently this possibility was not considered.

ON CONTRACT. - 29/03/2008 - " domestically, but will invite bidders from France and Chile ... "Almost a year later, already awarded, 02/12/2009 speaks of the" PLANT Danish capital. "

A BIDDER. 05/07/2008: " ... three companies ... (bought) the sheets ... ONLY ONE WAS FILED ... " .:

ON THE AWARD. 17/09/2008 signed a decree awarding Cornejo WHOSE environmentalists (a company that during the previous administration, offered his services to the municipality on its own initiative).

Since the contractor was the sole bidder, for the sole purpose of complete information, it would be desirable to know: A history of the company, corporate membership, registration as a provider of state tax situation at the commune and the province.

FIELD, LOCATION. : A site from 7 to 10 hectares. Preferably in the industrial zone - 03/29/1908 .

The plant will occupy 17 hectares., In West of the department ... AS THE COMPANY HAS PROPOSED, in the foothills northwest of the current dump. -19.09.08 -. (This will be a source of conflict).

WEST NEIGHBORS - Godoy Cruz - go to the State Attorney's Office. They want to build the plant further away from their neighborhoods. No objection to the project, only requested to consider its request .- 02.12.2009.

ON TERMS OF THE GRANT: 10 YEARS after the plant becomes property of the town (according to city officials) 29/03/1908.

10 YEARS WITH OPTION TO 10 MORE then becomes property of the town (as Carassale, Environmental Cuyo) - 09/19/1908 .

ON TECHNOLOGY AND BONDS . " .. the plant under the clean development mode ... (comply) with the rules ... (of) the Kyoto Protocol. " "... With technology ...". "... is financed with bonds green ...". "... and through these bonds will be held funding ...". "... Is that the Danish capital plant uses a different technology which ... operating in the country ...". ( Mingorance, Sandes, Cornejo, Carassale; between 29/03/2008 to 20/01/2009)

(First National was tender, but would invite bidders from France and Chile. It is said adjudicated "DANISH CAPITAL FACILITY" - 12/02/1909 -.)

Is it possible that at this stage to ensure funding 'Green Bonds'?

INVESTMENT AND BONDS. "... calculated, Mingorance, could be around u $ s 2 million. "

urban expansion project on piedmont Godoy Cruz: " these works add ... $ 20,500,000 - financed with the funds of the district, province and credits taken at national level "( the news story makes a detail) " WHAT WAS "( works by) $ 3,300,000 - (Y) "which projects" (works by) $ 14,500,000, - (This item is included ITEM FOR $ 7,000,000, - for the treatment plant. This outlay for a plant that will tendered - at least for my little test - is baffling.).

" ... investment ... is $ 14,000,000, - "(Mingorance, Sandes, Carassale between 29/03/2008 to 12/02/2009).

It should be noted that the tendering procedure by which the contractor is making the investment, the community is indifferent, irrelevant if the company invests equity, bonds or credits. statements Sandes and Cornejo - 19/09/2008 - could lead to confusion. On the understanding that the investment is the company that just gets the award for 10 YEARS - as Sandes - or 10 YEARS WITH OPTION TO 10 MORE - according Carassale -. Why the district charged a future expenditure of $ 7,000,000, - for the plant? 26/06/2008.

ON THE PUBLIC HEARING. 20/11/1908. "... had planned the PUBLIC HEARING PROCEDURE REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ... were not finished ... ... the technical report (prepared by) the CRICYT or sectoral reports ... finally A briefing was only ..."- "O. Sandes ... explained that the hearing had been suspended but found it impossible to communicate this to all interested

... opted to explain the project details ... l to technology is of Danish origin and had TRAVELED Venezuelan technicians. .. "- -. 26/11/1908

Force is to recognize that holding a hearing, to bring in technicians Danes, without the package tied with bow tie and as if this were not enough "find it" impossible to communicate (the suspension to all stakeholders "is how somewhat flimsy excuse, reaching extremely messy.

CUIT and OFFICER SAID

" .. . (S to NDES ... defended the project) ... those who want to build the plant we become the bad guys.

is crazy to think that will pollute (the Botnia plant pollution say no, but that smells like cauliflower, cauliflower smells!) ... No doubt (Sandes) that behind of ... (the) claims lies a partisan political purpose because it does not explain the disproportionate OPPOSITION ... (of) very few neighbors ...".

would be conducive to the architect GOAL IS TO NOTE THAT THE LOCATION AND PLANT NO. Why worth insisting that is there? - In the middle of thirteen districts - perhaps a minimum of flexibility destrabaría the subject, especially when repeatedly made reference to the plant should be located PREFERABLY IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREA. Also - according to the press - THE LAND WAS PROPOSED BY THE COMPANY - 19/09/2008 -. It does not seem rational that obduracy is this and no other ground. To which is added, according to the press, the 20/11/2008 commune and neighbors agreed to form a TABLE CONCILIATION, that's where they should close the gap, in doing so, perhaps, would be no arguments " LOCOS AND FEW NEIGHBORS THE OPPONENTS Unconscionable"

( In late December 2009 was performed another public hearing in the Chapel of the Judicial District, not to my knowledge if I throw it helpful)

SANDER AND TOWER CONSTRUCTION

" ... Banking in the neighborhood so they can make more than two plants would need to buy more than three houses, ... CAN NOT BAN THE BUILDINGS IN HEIGHT. EVERYONE HAS THE RIGHT TO PRIVATE PROPERTY "

Mr. architect seems to ignore the economic potential of large companies and / or entrepreneurs and / or investors, that when the conditions may buy three or more houses, even crisis by. Nor should it forget that rights are not absolute , as they must be in harmony with the rights of third parties. The legal order established a

priority of rules that guarantee, regulate and harmonize the various rights of the various holders of them.

Birita 147, TOWER 13 FLOOR, 115 DEPARTMENT TOS - 31/07/1908

The neighbors are opposed.

SANDER, 28/07/2008: " ... everything is in order. The project complies with the Building Code ... the idea is to make an audience with the neighbors ... NOTHING IF NOT THE NEIGHBORS WILL NOT AGREE "

SANDER, 29.07. 08 " ... The record is in technical review ..., if you meet the r Eker ... n or no reason to not do." Neighbors will have to ADAPT. "

OR WASTE OR BUILDINGS, OTHER CASE

GODOY CRUZ CREATE A COOPERATIVE HOUSING TO GIVE CREDITS.

... will have a capital of $ 6 million to be contributed by companies individuals and the municipality has the backing of the Central Bank.

MENDOZA, Governor Celso Jaque

Decrease crime by 30% in the first six months

Two years is not open air dumps Mendoza

open

Opening of a gas pipeline unfinished

GODOY CRUZ, ALFREDO CORNEJO Surveyor

waste treatment plant

New Building Code "NEIGHBORS HAVE TO ADAPT"

Godoy Cruz will create a credit box

And so it goes on these, Cuyo, payments Lord, the twenty-first centuries of our era. Times of globalization, greenhouse effect, global crisis.

" THE ONLY TRUTH IS THE REALITY Peron

" MEN ARE SACRED TO THE MEN AND THE PEOPLE ARE SACRED TO THE PEOPLES "Hipolito Yrigoyen

GODOY CRUZ, 21.03.2009

July Irrazabal

LE. 8152370

Former municipal UCR.

Godoy Cruz

Sliding Door For Reptile Cage

BRADEN AND PERÓN

...

PRESENTATION OF BRADEN

... born in Elkhorn, Montana, in 1894 ... was far from belonging to the proletariat, ... his father ... a wealthy businessman closely linked to the Rockefeller group, with significant interests in South America being the figurehead of the 'Mines Braden Coopers' in Chile ...

young Spruille

... ... (be) ... mining engineer ... most of its professional activity outside work was carried out in Latin America. Chilean railways electrified in 1920, organized the 'Corporación Boliviana Argentina Exporters' and was an advisor to various governments in negotiating loans between 1919 and 1925 .... In 1933 ... was included in the court ... (of) Cordell Hull to the Seventh Pan American Conference in Montevideo. Previously, parental trust of the 'William Braden, "had obtained in the twenties, a concession to exploit oil lands to Paraguay and Bolivia fought ...

Spruille

... Young was general manager of the company until it was transferred to the 'Standard Oil' in New Jersey, the ... Rockefeller, which undoubtedly belonged from the beginning. As the concessions had been obtained from the Bolivian government, ... (the outbreak) ... Chaco War antennas bristled "rockefellerianas" the mess we had to save the wells ... provoked a formal protest to the government of Asunción League of nations by the interference of the 'Standard Oil' to Bolivia in 1935 ... peace ... and it was necessary that the protocol does not disturb what the war had not touched ... Braden was included in the peace negotiations, his signature appearing ... document footer formalizing the end of the conflict. While negotiating, Braden, with residence in Buenos Aires ... ... ... traveling between Asuncion, La Paz and Buenos Aires ... the interests he represented were the only thing left intact in this conflict that so damaged Paraguay and Bolivia.

... hovering around 40 years Spruille Braden had merit ... in 1939 ... (is named) ... ambassador to Colombia ... until 1941 ... was transferred to Cuba ... (to) ... when he was awarded the embassy in Argentina ... Roger ... García Lupo stresses the importance of ... (their) work and its influence diplomatic ... Overview Latin America. After considering it as an employee of the Rockefellers ... (García Lupo) ... writes: "The life of Braden is ... hard to believe. His tenure in the diplomacy has achieved a number unmatched in tort against ... (USA) in countries where, ..., have occurred after the major explosion of anti-American feelings. Copper mines, where workers from Chile suffered the worst conditions, symbolically named Braden Bolivian-Paraguayan War broke out because of a dispute over oil territories had been acquired by Braden and at the foot of the peace treaty ... that put the interests of safeguarding the 'Standard Oil 'in the Chaco, ... is the name of Braden. Braden led the campaign against the government of Mexico, because of the nationalization of oil and is the same as interfering in the politics of Colombia ... Braden irritated Cubans being ... ambassador in Havana with a blatant intervention for low price sugar. In just five months in Buenos Aires ... ... managed to become the emblem of the national struggle against ... (USA), and when he retired ... continued provoking the American. Personally directed the continental campaign against the governments of Arévalo and Arbenz in Guatemala, discredited regime ... Bolivia nationalist and denigrated ... a (Getulio) Vargas ... "

(the 19.05.1945, arrived in Buenos Aires)

...

... an accident in Chile ... a disaster in a mine in the 'Braden Cooper 'killed hundreds of workers ...

SOURCE

Miguel Angel Dinner

Todo es Historia

No. 30

October 1969

All Natural Dannon Plain Yogurt For Bv

BRADEN LONG

THE LONG MISUNDERSTANDING

...

INTERMEDIATE OIL

From the First World War and ... (in) ... the twenties, did not fail in increasing the trade between ... (USA) ... Argentina ... ... García Lupo states: "At the end of the twenties , investment in ... Argentina Yankees had multiplied at least fifteen times over ... the beginning of the century.

Besides capital

French ... German ... Italian ... appeared in ... (the) ... the English country contesting his old pre-eminence, which weighed the best part was the ... (USA). the old struggle between the cold ... (of USA) UK - with the Argentines and their stern dinghy - was further developed ... with permanent advantage for the former and led to a new deal in 1927, and which 61% of shipments were held in signatures ... (U.S.) ... just over 29% for the English and the remaining 10% ... the Argentines were permanently reduced its quota. Britain also decreased, but ... the slaughter was less impressive ... (for English) ... because ... (their) ... transported to the port rail products and ships leaving the port were, ..., British ...

... the most striking spearhead of capitalism ... (U.S.) ... in Argentina was the incorporation of automotive ... and with it the growing consumption of oil, threatening ... the duplex-carbon rail ... in the hands of British ... expanded the vehicle fleet, without opening and paving of roads and paths to follow, ..., a similar pace. The Argentine authorities acted in accordance with the conveniences of the British capital ... in 1929, 330,000 vehicles ... in ... Argentina ... only had to travel 200 kms. of paved roads.

For the provision

naphtha ... the decade was marked by the struggle between ... ruthless' Standard Oil '(U.S.), the Anglo-Dutch "Royal Dutch Shell' and ... the British 'Anglo Persian' ...

... (Argentina) ... was disputed by the first two ... (in) ... 1927 ... gathered at the castle ... of Achanacarry (Scotland) and ... leads to a coexistence agreement, dividing the world market ... Argentina had its own oil, but ... the behavior ... government was not to touch it ... With the founding of YPF ... seemed to start a new path ... The main thesis was ... to avoid it falling into imperialist hands ... while monopoly enterprises expanded in peace ... imperialism exploded quietly consuming the Argentine market Venezuelan oil, Arabic, Persian ... Fraternally ... the 'Standard Oil' and ' Royal Dutch Shell 'profit is divided, leaving a little annoyed YPF keep an emblem pleasing to the Argentines.

The romance began to threaten when he came Yrigoyen nationalize oil. Big words, words unforgivable. Incidentally, in the next election the government will almost certainly the two Senators win needed to move the bill. The event was convened on Sunday 07 September 1930 ... We do not claim that the revolution of 06 September was entirely due to oil. Had other important causes, but if we believe - although this is ... impossible to prove - that the oil factor played his letter on the subject and used to fund the right time. Precisely, some prominent members of the upper echelons were revolutionary relationship with the 'Standard Oil'. And that itself is proven.

{should be noted and that s analysis deserves two senators missing were from Mendoza and San John was not so sure the triumph of the government ...}

AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH

... ... met in Montevideo on 03 and December 26, 1933 ... The conference sessions under the weight of war unpleasant between Bolivia and Paraguay. Hull ... decided to start gaining the goodwill of ... (Argentina) ... In the wake of Cordell Hull, had been a robust unknown ... ... ...

Spruille Braden

... for once Argentine Americans do not collide in a conference ...

(three years later there the break in the conference in Buenos Aires. Roca-Runciman Pact)

...

When Cordell Hull retired from Buenos Aires had very little ... I never forgot never stuck to his loathing of Argentina ... Saavedra Lamas was not to fire, as it should.

...

(1942 THIRD MEETING OF FOREIGN MINISTERS)

... was exposed all the relentless hardness of Hull and its decision to punish indestructible Argentina, humiliate, and after dragging it into the fold of the provisions of Washington ...

(Argentina in 1945 declared war on Germany and Japan and signed the Act of Chapultepec)

...

The consequences were soon to be ... I went as ambassadors had been ... between newcomers Per ... a new character ... (for USA) ... landed in Buenos Aires a robust individual ... Spruille Braden ...

SOURCE

Miguel Angel Scenna

Todo es Historia

No. 29

August 1969

Team Zissou Adidas Shoes For Sale

A quarter - new release Gorse Folk

L to wait has been worth more than in 2008 and I talk about the model of Gorse Folk " A quarter "after just over two years and a great effort by the disc component is a reality since mid January this year.

.

new work Aulaga Folk is a perfect example of what a line of work and evolution from its beginnings in folk music more traditional, leading this to a different dimension in the work of ethnographic and musical decostrucion the most traditional rhythms, songs in some cases collected by themselves in a unique work of fieldwork to offer a personal vision and enriched with a good mixture of styles.

.

Folk Aulaga to top it off with the collaboration of important and renowned musicians to the development of this wonderful new work, such as Joaquin Diaz, Eliseo Parra, Javier Ruibal, Manuel Luna, Lavender o Mariquelo . The next will be held April 2 the official presentation of the disc in the theater Alcázar de Plasencia.

.

I leave the interview José Miguel López Discopolis program presenter of Radio 3 done Aulaga Juan Carlos component Folk.
Click to hear the program>>> Discopolis Radio 3 interview Folk Aulaga

.

Also from myspace Aulaga Folk can hear several songs from the new album as well as access information on upcoming concerts and more.

musical planet

Oliver Atom Kamehasutra

MISUNDERSTANDING Freedom and Development

LIBERTADORES AND DEVELOP

...

PROGRAM CHANGE

radical division (Tucumán 1956) posed to his players the need to justify it historically ... The Convention of Tucumán shortly before Frondizi formu-Gómez, was adopted as de1951 electoral platform the ... program akin to the declaration of Avellaneda in 1945.

Frondizi ... (09/02/1957), three months after the split: "The country will understand that this crisis is final, we are different. We speak two different languages, we experienced mixed feelings ... "

... In response to criticism ... (by) the diversion of the platform adopted in Avellaneda ..., the National Convention UCRI ... (26/08/1957) ... (adopted and incorporated) the statements and speeches ... (Frondizi ) incorporating the party program and was buried ... the Declaration of Avellaneda. Frondizi ... (exposed) repeatedly ... this new approach to national problems ... (14/01/1958) ... "... (to) get the country to handle ... the key economic levers such as energy, oil and steel trade, we will call to work ... those who wish to contribute their technical expertise and capital ... from whatever. Our government will be widely welcomed and legal certainty, to guarantee an independent judiciary, the economic interests that wish to participate in the production of our wealth. The country needs ..., the contribution of foreign capital, which will set out the guarantees ... will not admit any attempt that seeks feudalize our economy ... "

... ... doctrinal conversion UCRI materialized in December 1960 when National Convention ... in a message passed Chascomús Frondizi ... (about) the need to abandon obsolete ideologies ...

FACTS AND PROMISES

... (05/01/1958) the new president ... in the House of Representatives ... ... a post-program ... nothing was to say ... without ignoring the most contentious proposals, as if to drain the challenge he could not complain then hidden intentions.

... ... made a lengthy reference to the disastrous state of the economy and public finances. Announced that ... encourage ... (the) domestic savings, and would encourage the incorporation of foreign capital investment applied to the basic works ... the exploitation of natural resources, especially oil, coal, iron ... said it would assume the presidency of YPF to boost the production ... and reach self-sufficiency ... He called for urgent remedy the energy deficit ... ...

... (on) state enterprises ... ... not have new ownership, and ... these companies would be privatized, streamlined ... ... empr5esas not national, but would seek the input of capital clean them up

private

...

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

... mother industry in modern economies ... ... launches thousands of products ...

Practically, was nonexistent in 1958, barring any production ... ... YPF and military factories. The government passed Law 14781 Frondizi promotion of basic industries ... and ... the Decree 5039/61, which established the system of incentives for the petrochemical industry.

... from 1959 to 1961, seven filings were approved, with a total value of $ S140 million ... include a 'Petrochemicals Argentina SA '(PASA) ...' Imperial Chemical Industries 'and' Texas Butadiene. " Quintupled production of synthetic rubber, and ... saved $ 70 million annually.

forces and interests ... There was ... determined to lock the action of a government whose plans harmed the situation created since ancient ..., for example, those related to oil imports ... ...

OIL AND POLITICS

... December 1954 (Frondizi ... senses ... National Committee ... UCR) released its ... book "Oil and Politics." Under the doctrine ... (of) Avellaneda ... postulated the nationalization of deposits and the monopoly of the exploration, exploitation and marketing ... by YPF. With all the anti-imperialist literature ... of the time history, the abuses and crimes committed ... (by) the global political concessions to the big monopolies ... because the country was self-sufficient to get rid of these international cartels ...

caused

... huge surprise announcement ... (of) ... Frondizi ... the ... (24/07/1958) ... to launch the ... 'Battle Oil '... drew the following table: "Argentina mind ... 65% of fuel ... it consumes. About ... 14 million cubic meters in 1957 ... ... 10 million ... (imported) ... oil and its derivatives ... (were) over 21% of imports, ... All resulting in stagnation, paralysis ... "

was necessary ... to reduce the cost of currency ... (in) importation, for which contracts had been renegotiated ... ... (with) the 'British Petroleum' a rebate of $ s5-... (por9 ... ... announcement cubic meter an agreement with the ... (USSR) and ... with Colombia ... (by) oil for Argentine products, ie without use of foreign exchange.

{

during Yrigoyen governments, and dealings were above and similar agreements: Bilateral Agreement with Mexico, D'Abernon-Oyonarte Treaty and agreement with the Russian company 'Iuyamtorg'}

... (on the) self-sufficiency, ... it certainly reached and any out the efforts and sacrifices that had to do.

The executor ... would YPF oil policy, which would be given all available resources and would be restructured to give the character of modern enterprise and free from political interference. But the country's resources were scarce ... "We do not have, therefore, not an ounce of gold in Central Bank YPF"

regard ... (the) private capital, indispensable ... (by) the insufficiency and resources ... state companies would work for YPF., which would deliver ... (all) oil from drawing ... and would charge her work in domestic currency or currencies.

... be forwarded to Congress a draft law on hydrocarbons

1. solid and gaseous hydrocarbons are the exclusive property, indefeasible and inalienable right of the nation.
2. The management and overall responsibility for national oil policy will be in charge of YPF.
3. The provinces will share in the benefits ... ... of sites located within their jurisdiction.
4. existing situations to 1 May 1958 will be respected, but not give any further concession.

THE BATTLE OF OIL

... While the focus was steel ... ... the urgency ... (by) oil ... (was) imperative to save foreign exchange. In 1957 he had paid $ s217-million ... imported oil (U.S. $ S317 million and total-fuel) ...

... (11/04/1960) ... "In the last ten years import-78650000 cubic meters of oil ... (by) ... u $ s1.776-million ... with this amount could have conducted the most ambitious development plan ... We have helped finance not only steel plant in San Nicolas, but also plants Salto Grande hydroelectric and Chocón, without recourse to foreign contribution ..., thermal and hydroelectric plants installed at strategic points ..., purchase of transport ships, modernize our military equipment, build bridges, roads and airfields, overhaul the railways, assist farmers. In short transform the country. " The calculation of Frondizi ... (is on) the dollar in 1960.

...

{Note that this is a president in defense of a policy adopted and that the author is an advocate of the president and the above policy, therefore corresponds to a rigorous critical analysis}

... ...

statistics of oil production and imports shows that from 1907 ... at the beginning of the operation ... to 1957, the country needed to import growing volumes until 1957 ... barely covered production from ... (35/45 %) ... of consumption, imports the rest, while ... (they had) reserves ... (by) 600 million cubic meters of oil and gas ... despite the low consumption, ... 0.75 meters cubic per person per year ...

The tax rate ... (to) ... oil was so fast, that in sixty days had signed the main ... (contracts) ... with private companies and had revived the production of YPF ... six months after its subcontractors began delivering its production to YPF, after three years was achieved almost self-sufficiency in 1963, only imported 1.7 million cubic meters ... (was) 6% of total imports ... against 24% in 1957.

CONTRACTS

whatever the grounds of urgency ... (of) Frondizi ... (was) a reaction ... the signing of contracts with Frondizi foreign ... in his book, ... (and) a strong tradition rooted in various sectors ... conceptualized detrimental to national sovereignty intervention of private interests - worse, if they were outsiders - ... ...

(a) ... the Frondizi oil policy, besides this question of principle, voiced strong criticism ...: The contracts were signed without competitive bidding clandestinely and without the approval of Congress ...

Arturo Sabato representing President (Frondizi) in YPF, said that of the thirteen contracts ..., seven were the result of tenders public - one reserved for international and other Argentine companies - and the remaining six were ... (by) direct negotiations conducted by himself and then by the prescient ... Aguirre Legarreta YPF and Bruno, in exercise of statutory powers of the Board ...

... (on) the submission to Congress argued that the signing of contracts of this nature is exclusive function of the administrative power and there is no legal provision providing for legislative approval. By contrast YPF statutes have conferred such authority to the Board ... The reason for urgency, on the other hand, indicated the need to avoid the instance of Congress which would have led to endless debates.

{

perhaps the issue could happen of YPF to avoid competitive bidding and contract directly. In addition, those of the author - Oden - is contradicted by Robert Potash, as the contracts went SI by Congress and approved as the government had a majority in both houses}

(THE SELF-SUFFICIENCY )

"The CONADE ... report on the 1965-1969 development plan (period Illia government ...) ...: Until ... 1956, output grows at 4% accumulative increases in 1957/58 ... 7% cumulative annual 1959/62 ... ... 31% ... (So) ... doubled in three years, reaching almost to self-sufficiency ... ... "

{previously the author had noted that the crucial issue was to achieve self-sufficiency and not who - state / special / national / foreign - to the production / operation}

... the production of oil and gas ... tripled, up from 5.6 million cubic meters in 1957 to 18.5 million in 1963 ... YPF ... (brought in) oil and derivatives ... 30.3% (average of the years 1922 to 1957), excluding the years of War 2, ... to 94.2% in 1963.

in 1958 imported 10.3 million cubic meters of oil and derivatives ... u $ s217 million ... in 1960 it imported only 1.7 million cubic meters per ... u $ s38 million. Three foreign companies ... produced in 1963 to 30% of the total ... ... The cumulative production of three companies in 1963 was 16 million cubic meters, for $ 200 million ... ...

(COST)

president of YPF

... ... Facundo Suárez (Illia government) ... the cost of crude ... (of) YPF was u $ s12, 30 cubic meter ... (for) 'Pan American' (USA) was U.S. $ s9, 32 ... and the average imported crude oil in 1971 was U.S. $ 20, 30 ...

{

least nine years later, the comparison should be with and cost of imported crude oil to the same date}

... private contractors ... {produced until 1972 since when?} ... more than 62 million cubic meters ... (for) about $ s1000-million Saving ...

YPF capitalized

... ... (in) 1958/1963 ... (by) contributions from the Treasury and utilities ... ... (por9 oil market that gave contractors ... the oil delivered by 'Pan American' cost YPF, under contract, or $ s9, 32 cubic meter, and sold it to $ s13, 65 ...

{It is assumed that contracts establish any provision of updated}

... The One Tennessee ... was paid $ 11, 64 ... and sold it to $ s19, 35 ...

... YPF was capitalized at $ 200 million ... ... ... that allowed drilling 684 wells in 1961 to 309 wells ... in 1957.

YPF production, oil and gas ... ... rose from 5.3 million cubic meters in 1957 to 11.3 million in 1963 ... spent ... u $ s1000-million ...

The

private companies operating in less than 9% of the world ... (and) for four years ... (producing) ... 30% ... (Total). The 4.7 million cubic meters extracted by firms in 1963, equal to what was YPF throughout the country in 1957 ...

{taking the figures given by the author, these findings emerge:

• 1957 - Production of YPF - 4.7 million cubic meters.
• 1963 - Oil production -15.6 million cubic meters. YPF net - 10.9 million cubic meters. Increase compared to 1957 total more than 300%. YPF net increase of more than 200%.
• 1963 - Production three companies - 4.7 million cubic meters (30% of production 1963). The company's percentage is not indicated by the author.
• It compares a company, YPF, against three foreign, different periods 1957-YPF - and 1963 - foreign - should be considered a year and disaggregated undertakings. In an egalitarian calculation could allot to each private company, separately, produced 10% of YPF which occurred six years earlier (1957 vs. 1963).
• It indicates that private companies working on the 9% of the reserves located, but does not say what percentage of these stocks worked YPF.
• Since foreign companies involved in oil activities in the country at an early stage the logical comparison should be given the previous performance of the private sector, ie the 4.7 million cubic meters of private production in 1963 should be connected to the private pre-production. So the comparison with YPF and at an earlier time does not seem the best option.
• indicates that no company had been responsible for horizon scanning to determine the oil at that time, "private companies had access to such information free of charge if he had done YPF?}

... imported oil in 1976 cost U.S. $ 100-... cubic meter, while foreign companies ... whose contracts with the government of Frondizi were reestablished after the government annulled by Illia, deliver the product to YPF ... u $ s10-cubic meter ...

{

Illia's government and private compensation to what happened to the compensation contracts to be restored?}

the "delivery"

As soon ... is ... (knew) the message of 24 July ... (with) the first talks with private companies, criticism erupted ... Balbin ... UCRP National Committee ... "The contracts are irredeemably null, not binding on the country and will be unknown in all circumstances under the UCRP." (08/26/1958)

... (also added) ... the 'Association Democratic Argentina "... criticized the contracts ..." secretly signed "... (in the same sense) the 'Center for Energy Studies General Mosconi' ... (and added) Alfredo Palacio, ... Sanchez Viamonte, River ... ... Perette and Silenzi of Stagni Someone suggested ... ... impeach the president ... (And) ... I KNEW (YPF workers) defend the state monopoly ... (also) the Socialist Party ... the Progressive Democrats and the Communist Party. The same associations of university students are professionals ... (YPF declare that the state-owned ... (can) ... achieve self-sufficiency, and object to the contracts.

two great acts are made ... (called) by the Movement Defense of Oil, and ... the UCRP ... (shouting) ... "YPF if Standard no" ... legislators ... centrist parties (several provinces) object ... (and) harmful to federalism, thesis shared by some provincial lawmakers.

... (in support of the government) ... ... The Christian Democratic Party and conservative leaders as in Lima ... ... Brazil and Uruguay praised the courage of Frondizi ... Alzogaray (also supports it but was overruled by his party) the Independent Civic ... ... ...

... more criticism than praise ...

shy ...

... some military contracts are aligned against ... (including) ... the commander in chief, General Toranzo Montero ...

UCRI

IN DOUBT.

"Not all opponents of the government's policy was an instrument of pressure from international monopolies" ...

{in the book she is quoting page 232}

sincerely concerned

... about the impact ... and fellow legislators ... (official) bombarded with questions and doubts ...

Frondizi

... a director of Industrial Bank chose to resign ... (a) vote ... guarantees that the bank should provide contracts as collateral ...

{Note the grantor guarantees and assurances given to the dealer}

"The harsh reaction to contracts ... ... encouraged by professionals, officials of YPF, the Mendoza Branch of SUPE, whose leadership was Communist influence ...

{page 234}

... said ... (30/10/1958) ...

arrest
{

another major strike was the bank - why cause ? - The strikers were 'mobilized' and taken to military installations, would they be Communists?}

COMMISSION INVESTIGATING

... 1964, the House of Representatives ... passed a bill in the bed of the UCRI ... (that) ... created an investigatory commission determine ... (the truth of) ... the accusations of irregularities and fraud in the oil contracts signed ... ... (by) Frondizi.

...

Frondizi, Frigerio and Sabato said ... the first refused to submit to questioning, arguing that Frigerio and Sabato would relate to the details ...

... ... (there were) a number of opinions ... The most ... (UCRP.) and others, found evidence of irregularities and advised ... (to intervene) to the ordinary courts. The minority ... (UCRI.) upheld the legality and desirability of contracts. There were three individual opinions ... (opinions) and the minutes of the Committee were referred to court ... the case was dismissed by prescription.

DISCLAIMER THE VICE GÓMEZ

... ... ... Gomez ... revealed (12/11/1958) the Acting Minister of Interior and Defense, Alfredo Vitolo, who had a plot ... (military) to overthrow the president ... Frondizi ... (location) Gomez to reveal the source of your information ... in front of the secretaries ... (and) secretaries ... (military) of the three weapons ... (Gomez) refused ... the ruling party (UCRI.) ... drove ... Gomez ... (and) agreed to resign, but not before negotiating a letter of Frondizi in which exempted him from guilt ... ...

SOURCE

Isidro J. Oden

Ediciones La Bastille

Buenos Aires, 1977

Poems To Ask For Money For Honeymoon

THE ARMY AND POLITICS - DE PERON

THE ARMY AND POLITICS IN THE ARGENTINA

1945-1962 - DE PERON Frondizi

... ... The Five-Year Plan, launched ... two years before had gone down ... only a substantial infusion of dollars would revive the plan ... ... In 1948 Peron and his advisers hoped ... external conditions over which they had no control: the possibility ... (of) a war, or ... of Marshall Plan funds to ensure the purchase of Argentine agricultural products ... ... None of these prospects to materialize. An alternative solution ... ... (were) ... foreign capital ... but ... Perón had committed little to reduce foreign investment and to change course suddenly. Early in his presidency, Peron had not excluded ... (the) ability to associate a decree foreign capital ... ... (prior to his inauguration) ... had created an instrument ... the 'Mixed Economy Company' ... (with) private capital and even ... (with) foreign investors to promote public interest companies. The president (company) ... and at least one third ... (of) ... board would be appointed by the state and should be Argentine natives ...

... ... (in) ... ... the first eighteen months of his presidency ... Peron was ... inclined to activate the entry of foreign capital ... support ... the reorganization of the railroads included in the Miranda-Eady acue3rdo ... and discussed proposals for attracting private investment ... (U.S.) to the development of the oil industry.

YPF

... the hostile reaction caused by ... (the issue) ... railway ... late 1946 ... Perón began to think ... ... proposed entry of foreign capital in an area such as oil ... ... military experts ... (and) civil guaranteed the energy section of the Plan ... (saw) that the country was ... (of) fuel ... necessary to meet the demands long-term ... ... gave priority to developing ... energy sources renewable ... Perón accepted this point of view ... But weeks after analyzing other solution ... fuel requirements in secret talks with the ambassador of ... (USA), ... ... Metzger Messersmith and ... ('Standard') ... Argentina was increasingly dependent on oil imports ... ...

... remained to solve the problem of domestic opposition ... If it was true that Peron was trying to create a joint venture with capital ... (U.S.) must believe that he could contain the backlash against ... identifying it with the opposition party Radical, ... the most forceful advocate of YPF, and appealing in terms supporters to their own supporters.

... In a top secret clearance, Messersmith said ... (on) ... (these talks) ... "Peron ... had come to the conclusion that it was necessary to give any kind of encouragement to foreign oil companies to spread here asked if their programs ... ... ... companies would be interested in a joint enterprise ... ... "

Perón received

... ... ... to discuss Metzger a memorandum prepared by his company two years ago ... the 'Standard' ... expressed interest and form a joint venture and ... conditions for a possible settlement ... ... the creation of a society ... (with) ... exclusivity of ten years for seeking of oil in the area south of parallel 49 º South latitude.

The 'Standard' would provide all working capital through a loan without interest. The government would receive 12% royalties for all oil discovered and 51% of any investment gains after the original loan 'd been repaid. General management ... should be appointed by the five private members (of) directory. The government would appoint the chairman and two directors, ... the ... (chairman) would be entitled to veto ... (art. 8 º) ... (in the meeting) ... ... Metzger Peron and attended by the president of YPF, Albariño general, and the Director General Energy Colonel Barefoot ... ... (the) ... 'Standard' ... (estimated) that the provision of veto ... (art. 8 º) was disturbing and investment to ... ... (u $ s 25/30 million) was the revision ... of this article ... delete article not involve a mixed company ... in a joint venture, but a poorly disguised concession to the 'Standard' ... (and should) ask the Congress to water down a statute already considered inadequate ... but ... ... they were confidential negotiations, already voices raised against it in Congress ... (the) block UCR ... requested the Executive ... the rejection of any proposal for the formation of joint ventures, ... also requested an investigation of all problems ... and activities of international companies ... asked to convene a special session of Congress to consider the expropriation private companies and the nationalization of the industry.

... ... Perón reassured Ambassador Messersmith ... there was no hope that YPF would satisfy the country needs ... that its operations had been unsatisfactory for many years and that the best solution ... (was) to reach an agreement ... (with) ... preferably foreign companies (USA) ... (the possibilities) were limited. Foreign companies demanded guarantees ... ... (and protection) any new investment. In September ... (1947, Peron was declared) ... convinced inability to pass ... (the) law ... ...

Peron ... ... found resistance within his own government had strong defenders ... YPF ... (in) ... the case: the ... Secretary of Industry and Commerce, Joseph C. Barro, Minister of Finance, Cereijo; ... Secretary of Aeronautics, the Hill ..., July Conessa ... YPF tentatively in front of ... all ... began a campaign to end ... with the threats to the autonomy of YPF. The first step was a notice to all private companies ... (09/30/1947) ... (on that) ... the agreement ... (to) ... distribution of oil ... in the local market would terminate at the end of six months notice required.

Secretary Clay ... (gave) a categorical statement to private companies ... ... in the sense that ... (the) ... oil in the future would be the monopoly of government and ... if need be, private property would be expropriated ... (the problem) was to ensure that the president supports that view.

Expropriation ... was tested in two rough cabinet meetings ... the first ... (4/12/1947), the Secretary Barro, Minister Cereijo and secretary of the Hill ... for expropriation ... (opposed) ... President Bramuglia, Miranda and ... Maroglio ... Central Bank President. The rest of the cabinet ... (though prone to expropriation) abstained ... the advocates of the monopoly YPF ... (started a move) to ensure that companies voluntarily put invents.

local holders of the 'Standard' ..., 'overseas' and 'Shell' were summoned to the office of Miranda ... ... (05/12/1947) at that meeting ... ... Conessa Barro and explained that the government I wanted to announce the ... December 13, the 'Day of Oil' to ... Argentina had recovered all of its oil properties. It asks private companies to reply before 9 December if they were willing to sell its producing wells in exchange for a distribution agreement and refinancing with "generous profits," guaranteed ... (before consulting companies on) ... if a negative ... would mean the expropriation, officials said ... ... no ... (were) able to give an answer.

{

seems difficult to do something like this back Perón and also a naive move

}

embassy ... ... (USA) ... asked ... (before) ... Chancellor Bramuglia ... (about) whether the president approved the plan ... and to protest ... (for el) little time ... (to respond). The British ambassador ... adopted the same attitude. Bramuglia said ... (the) president ... was not aware of the requirements ... and ... the president had no intention to expropriate oil or any other property ... (U.S.).

One day after ... (time) awarded ... 'Standard' ... (and) 'Shell' rejected the request.

... (a new) ... Cabinet meeting ... members ... ... nationalists exerted strong pressure on Perón to buy or expropriate foreign-owned wells ... (and) a program of nationalization of all oil resources ... Argentine War Minister spoke with power and in opposition ... warned that any threat of expropriation or forced sale would be detrimental to the country ... (Peron) ... citing the refusal of the companies ... and the bitter protests ... (Of) embassies ... made the final decision.

... ... (about) ... oil Peron was much more pragmatic than his public rhetoric about the economic dependence

... ... ...

The army's role in the controversy raised by the ... ... oil was ... (of) ... relative passivity.

... ... Conversely Secretary of Aeronautics, determined to give a monopoly on oil production to YPF.

...

to these political-military tensions compounded the problem of complete the task of the Constitutional Assembly ... had begun the work of revising the Constitution ... ...

... the amended Constitution incorporating two chapters, ... on the rights of workers, families, elderly and education ... ... and ... on he rights of ownership and economic activity ... reflected the statist and nationalist fervor of the authors assigned to the state direct control of foreign trade, the permanent ownership of all sites, subsoil and natural sources of energy, including oil reservoirs, and the original and inalienable ownership of utilities. Such companies, usually in private hands would be acquired by the State ... (by) purchase or expropriation ... ... at a price to be deducted from the original investment cost of both the amortization and any gain is considered excessive ... ...

The satisfaction ... (Peron) ... before the reform was, ... reservations ... Peron was co-conforming to the formula determined the compensation to utilities ... (of) ... Art. 40 (threatening) ... to eliminate difference between expropriation and confiscation ...

{author

is abroad}

... raised protests from the international community. The paragraph had been inserted at the last minute ... and despite the objections ... (de) Peron ...

...

Unable (or unwilling to) ... provide clear support for unpopular companies ... (foreign) ... like conspicuous' Compañía Argentina de Electricidad "(CADE), Perón ... ... (said) to the governments of Belgium, Sweden, Holland and ... (USA) that while he was in power would never make use of the controversial constitutional clause.

{or was an excuse either - and yet - was healing health ...}

In an attempt to eliminate the concern caused by Art. 40, ... Perón encouraged an executive ... Sosthenes Behn ... (of) ... the "International Telephone and Telegraph Company '(ITT) to propose a legislative interpretation could submit to the Congress ... ... ... this attempt ended in failure.

... ... ... Second Five-Year Plan incorporated the concept of ... (bring) ... private capital, both internal and external ... the State would "The right conditions and opportunities favorable" ... enabling a change of direction away from the economic nationalism of recent years ... in 1953 ... Perón asked Congress to enact a new law on foreign investments and began to speak openly in favor of ... ... foreign investment in the sacred field of oil production.

... ... the decision of Peron and his economic advisers to attract foreign capital for the development of basic industries ... (this is implied) the need to strengthen relationships with ... (USA) ... at ... (07/1953) Milton Eisenhower ... was received with great cordiality by Peron ... ... (and considered) ... the problems and prospects that investors find ... (the) ... a new draft investment law submitted ... the ... (07/14/1953) ... the law guaranteed ... investors to transfer profits from 8% (eight) per annum, and after ten years ... the withdrawal of their investments and a series of assessments ... the law gave broad discretionary authority of Parliament ... to enter into agreements with potential investors.

... Of particular interest were their projections on the oil industry ... ... questioned radicals ... that the project ... (left) the principles ... (of) ... ... defenders ... Art. 40 (lawmakers) voted overwhelmingly ... ... in ... terms requested by the government.

... ... was very significant in military circles believe ... ... (the) state of the oil industry. ... An article in the 'Journal of Information' (... from the War College), May / June 1953 ... noted that between 1946 and 1950 the volume of production ... ... oil ... public and private sectors had risen a 40% "in accordance with all ... ... (the) First Five Year Plan", when in fact the total domestic production had increased only by 13% ... and expressed confidence ... "is not far distant day when the oil industry ... free us from foreign supplies," ... did not take into account the technical and financial obstacles that goal ... to ... ... (this) ... made even more difficult to justify the need for foreign capital inflows to the oil industry ....

{note that coincided with Peron Army Aviation while opposed}

... ... late 1953 Perón sought to advocate for this cause ... (by) the growing gap between production and domestic consumption and sale of foreign currency huge ... that may be reserved for other development needs through rapid increased production ... (and) ... that would work for foreign companies ... ... YPF.

...

The dilemma ... (de) Peron ... was ... as meet the expectations ... (of) his earlier nationalist rhetoric ... and ... provide the conditions and guarantees which attract ... (the) ... ... foreign companies. The initial strategy for the study ... ... of the investment law, was to ... agreements with independent operators rather than with major international companies ... in the assumption that the independent companies ... not press for concessions and would be willing to work for YPF through service contracts that the government could justify to the public ... at a time ... seemed about to sign with the 'Floyd Odlum. " But until ... (10/1954), more than a year after the enactment of the investment law was not ... remember ... with any company ...

... ...

The government had decided to rapid economic development ... ... (03/1955) established in accordance with an oil company ...

... ... ... Peron, announced it had reached an agreement ... ... The contract signed by OJ Haynes 'Standard' ... and Industry Minister Orlando Santos, approved by Peron on ... (05/06/1955) and submitted to Congress ...

The contract attached to the company ... ... the exclusive right to explore, extract and exploit oil in an area of \u200b\u200b... 50,000-square miles south of Patagonia. Petroleum and other oil ... should be given to ... YPF, up ... (cover) ... domestic demand ... from ... (this coverage) ... be permitted exports. For oil ... ... Argentine pesos YPF would pay 15% less than ... (fixed price) by the 'East Texas' ... turn YPF would receive 50% of the profits ... (for) 40 years of the contract. Criticism raged ... ... (from all sectors) ... ...

... the government did not consider necessary reform Art. 40 ... (thought) that the agreement ... was a contract for services that did not involve the transfer of ownership of oil ... (government military officials) visited ... (a) ... ... to transmit Morales Gómez reactions military circles. Gomez Morales ... (offered in one) ... Conference ... (and explanations) ... officers ... but it ... (also) ... it was agreed that certain measures should be modified.

... the contract ... was ... the Congress ... (keeping) these ... measures ... when became clear that even the Peronist ... (in) Congress were not too willing to approve ... (Peron) authorized the economic team ... ... (a) listen to recommendations for changes, ... (is) wrote a series of amendments ... (and) ... reopened negotiations did little to appease the discontent ... the armed forces.

...

{WITH Libertad y Desarrollo

} {

after Peron's fall theme continues with almost the same players, but they begin to vary in their positions}

... Wing 'frondicista ' of ... (the UCR.) ... was represented at the National Advisory Board, even after the June 1956 execution, ... (the 'frondicismo') began to ... (be) a strong critic of the ... 'Liberator' ...

alliance

... ... between ... Frondizi and economist, journalist and businessman Rogelio Frigerio ... (who) as director of the weekly ... "WHAT" ... (with) contributions ... ... Peron's supporters mounted a systematic attack on ... ... government for its record against the Peronist economic measures ... (Against) the industry and plans to sell the domain Argentina on natural sources of energy ... ...

Frondizi In such circumstances ... ... (presented) as an opponent ... (of) ... the ... 'Liberator' ... announced its intention to grant a character 'national popular' the economy ... ...

Figure Frigerio key ... was ... ... (with) ... an economic and social 'Development' transformation ... to ... ... through the expansion ... industry and the weakening of interest ... agricultural and import ... ...

{PACT}

Whatever the terms of the covenant ... Frigerio Perón negotiated Frondizi ... ... ... offered an overwhelming victory in elections ... (23/02/1958 ) ... ... The UCRI managed 133 seats of the 187 deputies in ... ... the government in all provinces and ... all the seats in the Senate ... that would have occurred in the absence of the covenant only conjecture ... ... ...

The inaugural speech ... (of) ... ... Frondizi out the main objectives of his government and ... specifying the measures by which he hoped to put the country on the path of national development ... ... ... main interest in the economy ... the need to develop heavy industries and achieve self-sufficiency in oil: Frondizi ANNOUNCES INTENTION TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DIRECT YPF ... also said that foreign capital would be needed to accelerate economic growth ... ...

frondicistas Among many ... especially of nationalist or socialist, began to spread a feeling of disappointment as the new government revealed details of its policies Frondizi had mentioned economic ... ... the need to attract foreign capital to accelerate industrial development, had carefully avoided giving details of his plan. Many ... were ... (believe) ... that ... (Frondizi) would be loyal to the UCR program Avellaneda, who never would make concessions to international companies have exploited the energy market ... in the past and especially in the oil sector continue being the champion ... (of) a total state monopoly on production, oil refining distribution.

... as president, Frondizi had no intention of adhering to positions that could delay the rapid expansion of energy production ... (shared) ... the focus 'realistic' Frigerio ... ... (the) role of foreign capital in a developing society: was the purpose investment and not the source of capital, which determined the strengthening or weakening of the economic independence of a country ...

{reasoning correct principle, but in light of experience, we see that 'purpose ',' source '- and added -' agreed terms' investment SI make economic independence and a real development with lasting effects of the host / recipient}

... Investment in heavy industry, steel, oil, electricity, petrochemical and pulp were necessary. Given the depleted state treasury, the target ... was the rapid expansion of oil production. With experience and foreign capital the country would be ... (making) the self-sufficiency in a few years ... enabling the use of U.S. $ 300 million per year ... ... in other sectors of the economy ...

... Frondizi ... to ... (reach) ... ... preliminary agreements with investors, he hid his intentions ... His promise ... to consult with stakeholders before adopting specific economic measures and his commitment not to use economic power of the state arbitrarily were sidelined in the attempt to negotiate favorable contracts with foreign companies and ... present to the public as a fait accompli.

... Only 24 of July, in a televised ... Frondizi exhibited her oil program.

... this program ... (consisted of) ... a number of drilling contracts awarded directly (to avoid delays competitive bidding) to private ... ... (to which) ... is assigned to areas where YPF ... ... ... oil was located, other companies had to take ... (the) exploration ... in all cases should be given to oil ... YPF prices stipulated in the contracts .... Government spokesmen described these agreements as service contracts, denied that concessions were ... (and claimed) ... that did not involve any sacrifice of sovereignty ... (for) ... avoid ... (adverse circumstances) ... progress toward self-sufficiency Frondizi REFUSED TO RAISE TO CONGRESS CONTRACTS ... insisting that he already had legal powers to act ...

{remember that it had comfortable majorities in the Congress government, it could also happen that such majorities were unattainable in this topic ...}

was not just in the oil sector where Frondizi proposed ... (show) ... foreign investors ... clear evidence of a favorable climate ... was eager to reach an agreement with companies expropriated foreign ... in the past ... whose compensation or agreements were ... (still) pending ... 'ANSEC' and ... 'CADE' ... the previous governments had hesitated to act ... three days after the election asked the Minister of Industry that meets the demands of ... 'ANSEC' whatever the price ... when the minister asked if he would sign a document authorizing the agreement ... (Frondizi) categorically refused ... ... ... Aramburu left the task to his successor ... Frondizi ... in September rose to an agreement with Congress 'CADE' to train with their teams a joint venture power provider in Buenos Aires ... ... (with) 'ANSEC' ... resolved ... an agreement ... (with) ... owners (U.S.) reinvested ... part ... (of compensation) ... in a plant of 300,000 kilowatts in Buenos ... Aires.

{

few years after Martinez de Hoz, who would intervene}

... ... (a) within six months of his presidency ... (Frondizi took one) ... ... drastic measures (11/11/1958) ... statement ... the state of siege ... (by) ... 30 days around the country ... was ... (by) ... ... challenged the workers of YPF in Mendoza ... (by not lifting a) strike ... (stated) since its illegal ... ... objective was ... (the un) recently signed contracts with two companies ... (USA) to produce oil in areas where YPF had proved the existence of reserves.

... ... on ... (11/10/1958) ... the '62 Organizations' ... (Peronist) ... supported the strike ... (while) the conduct of the 'Supe' proposed lifting the strike if the government ... ( listened to) the objections ... and ... not to retaliate against the strikers ... Frondizi ... ... refused and declared a state of siege. In the early hours of ... (11/11/1958) ... the police had beaten in the federal capital and provinces ... ... arrested hundreds of people ... ...

cause for concern ... was the barely disguised violation of ... (the Constitution) ... Claiming that the Congress was in recess, ... (used) ... a decree to declare (the state of siege) instead of requesting authorization ... (to Congress) ... as stipulated in the Constitution. In fact, Congress was in session, but not met in the early hours of ... (11/11/1958) ... President sought to obtain approval after the fact, and obtained the same day in both houses, dominated by the UCRI.

The government justified these measures ... ... to ... threats of anarchy and subversion ... Interior Minister Alfredo Vitolo ... could not provide concrete evidence of an imminent threat ... all ... like a ... (conspiracy) ... was the puzzling behavior ... (of) ... vice president, Alejandro Gomez ... ... (which) had been in disgust ... ... Frigerio influence on the president and disapproved of the policies ... (of) Frondizi ... (About) ... the power contracts, the University and ... oil. In conversations with the president ... and meetings ... he had not hidden their displeasure and the possibility of resigning ... ... had warned the president that if he admitted to make the contracts ... ... (to) ... Congress, he, Gomez, resign.

... ... ... began to spread rumors that he had discovered a plot to impersonate Frondizi Gomez in a coalition government ... the ... (18/11/1958) ... the vice president raised his resignation to Congress.

... ... The attacks ... Gomez, appear to have been orchestrated by Frondizi or at least ... with s approval and consent.

... ... ... Yes ... Gomez had given up ... (immediately, 11/10/1958) to protest the management of oil contracts would no doubt ... ... (split) ... weakened the party and government support Congress ... if it was possible to pass the vice president as a traitor ... Frondizi could eliminate the position with minimal risk to party unity.

Frondizi

... ... got rid of an employee who was becoming risk in ... as the months passed and each time the government belied its platform ... ...

The genuine purpose of the siege ... ... would be revealed ... When ... (to) 30 days set in the original enactment ... replaced by an indefinite extension - term that lasted until ... ... ... Frondizi's dismissal - it became apparent ... the desire to avoid future resistance to unpopular economic measures.

... ... (Frondizi) ... announced ... the ... (12/29/1958) ... that the government initiated a program stabilization required fundamental changes in ... (the economy) in force and affect all sectors of society ...

The stabilization program was in fact the price charged to Argentina by the ... (IMF ) and the Treasury ... (USA) ... (by) the financial support necessary to resolve the crisis in the balance of payments.

... ... The reward was a financial package from the IMF. and official and private banks to ... (USA) ... (by) ... U.S. $ S329 million ... ...

As has been common in Latin America remedies prescribed by the IMF. produced a bitter reaction among the working class and low income sectors.

... also announced government's intention to get rid of unprofitable companies that had been acquired at the time of Peron. For those working in these companies and for many Argentines, those companies accounted for part of the national heritage should be preserved and not turned over to private hands, whatever the deficits that occur ...

SOURCE Robert

A. Potash

1981 Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos

Aires