OIL (SOUTH AMERICAN WAR LAST)
...
The conflict could be avoided and a hundred thousand dead faith the tragic toll of this race whose origins are difficult to say exactly ... in the disputed territory, international companies discovered huge reserves previously untapped.
... OIL IS FOUND
... Upper Peruvian chroniclers of colonial times refer to the existence of "bitumen or juices of the earth" that surfaced ... and since the late ... (XIX) started ... (the search) ... oil in Bolivia. Chilean-owned enterprises conducted searches in the departments of Oruro and Potosí, no major results, ... between 1916 and 1918 the English company 'Farquhar' discovers oil at 400 meters. deep in the villages of Cuervo and Charagua. In 1920 under the chairmanship of the firm Guerra Gutierrez liberal ... (U.S.) 'Richmond Levering' ... you get the first concession for exploitation by ... 50 years of one million hectares were approved ... also ... the search of three million hectares in the departments of Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija. You will be exempted from paying taxes and was authorized to make any kind of construction with the sole obligation to give notice to the government. Another extraordinary privilege was the so-called "privilege of a" consistent in possession of 50 kms. ground on each side of the axis of the pipeline to be built ...
{
Argentina was not spared from similar clauses in the case of railway lines}
... According to Sergio Almaraz ... "Oil in Bolivia" the company used illegal means to obtain the grant. Exhibited a false certificate on their solvency ... granted by the banking house Gutiérrez Guerra, whose owners were exactly the president of the nation's other leaders of the Liberal Party. For an incident in ... the ... Stock Exchange in Chile ... ... (the Gutierrez government had fallen War ... in one of the many revolutions Altiplano), it was learned that the 'Richmond Levering' had bribed several towering figures of the regime ... former chancellor ... Pinilla, to obtain privileges under the contract.
In 1920, the U.S. citizen ... James Backus, manager of the 'Bolivian Rawayls Co.' He received another grant of the same nature, also a million hectares. Subsequently, ... under the presidency of Republican Bautista Saavedra, a former opponent ... from the plain had whipped ... the policy of surrender ... (Gutierrez War) was dictated by the Petroleum Law, ... ... that allowed the trust ... 'Braden Williams' interests in Chile through the 'Braden Coopers Mines' obtain an operating permit and prospecting in the territory of the East of more than 1,500,000 hectares ... the son of Braden manager of this trust was Spruille ... ... ... U.S. ambassador in several Latin American and member of the Chaco Peace Conference in Buenos Aires ... ...
... concessions from the 'Richmond' and the 'Backus' were absorbed by the 'Standard Oil Co.' ... the in 1927 he was possessed of vast territories presumably oil. The 'Standard Oil' ... (had) ... commitments to the government for those who were forced to drill a well every 50 thousand hectares and produce at least 2 million barrels a year ... these clauses were never implemented. Altiplano governments could not know the exact amount of oil produced by the 'Standard': the company ... (output) ... mislead stakeholders taking advantage of the confusing international situation prevailing in the years immediately following the Chaco War.
HOW TO GET THE OIL FROM CLOSURE?
(years later he built a pipeline route to the Pacific)
... ... connected to high society was Minister Plenipotentiary Buenos Aires ... in Buenos Aires ... Yrigoyen interviews ... ... (for) ... the construction of a pipeline ... (from) Tarija ... (to) Santa Fe or Yrigoyen Campana ... ... (and) his foreign minister Oyhanarte consulted were interested ... ... ... officials of YPF (the) president ... Mosconi ...: "I believe that the best interests of our country to agree to grant any kind ... of oil, since its construction ... (would be) a true runner of 1500 kms. ... To be delivered to the 'Standard Oil' ara exclusive use ... mind is also a disadvantage for our country and establishment of a company foreign interests and the details of which will not match ever with the procedures and interests of ... Argentina "... Mosconi was consistent with the thought ... the ... (UCR.) ...
... There was ... a goal ...: Do not allow attachment of the 'Standard Oil'. But this nationalist approach forget that the marketing of petroleum products in the Silver was in the hands of British capital and an openness to the U.S., ... (would) ... a balance of influence in the oil market ...
{can not share the latter opinion of the author, as it was facing the distinct and varied roots of international economic interests in each of the areas of Argentina's economy - land, oil meats to name a few -. Besides conflict over oil concessions in the North of Argentina already existed. Also would a price war between YPF and foreign companies, and oil nationalization project at UCR.}
... ... ... Yrigoyen in talks ... to express their wishes Escalier ... it was YPF who built the ... pipeline, at the same time ... that his government would try to avoid the war ... Bolivian-Paraguayan is produced ... the military coup of 06 September 1930 the government evicted Yrigoyen ... Peace falls simultaneously President Siles ... While not sure of the reasons that led these ... coup ...} {for simultaneous, there would be ruled out (apart from the internal problems of each country) that they have been consequences of the pressures and interests play in the international oil policy.
Two years after the collapse of the constitutional systems in Argentina and Bolivia Chaco conflict erupts.
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OIL COMPANIES DURING THE CONFLICT
... in 1927 U.S. companies ... particularly the 'Standard Oil' ... were presumably possess vast oil ... in the Oriente. ... Scans were performed and searches, setting up a refinery in ... Sanadita. ... For oil rigs Camiri Marchareti, Tigüipa, Camaitindi, etc., All villages near the Chaco.
The 'Standard' proclaimed its neutrality, but moved to Argentina ... a game of valuable elements ... The company continued to develop ... (gasoline) and according to reports ... of both countries, sold either to Bolivia to Paraguay ...
There are precedents for the conduct of international trust ... (by) not identified with any nation at war ... as the Paraguayans came ... ... to the oil-producing areas, the individuals from the 'Standard' began to push the neutrals ... (by) ... a ceasefire and hold harmless their interests.
(there was) ... an incident ... (Argentina by) ... the closure of a radio station that the company had ... ... Tartagal installed by it and linking to the 'Southern Radio Corporation' were sent information without complying with the control standards imposed by the authorities ... to end the war it became apparent that a pipeline underground oil was sent to Argentina ... was based on Bermejo (Bolivia) and ended at Aguas Blancas ... (Salta) where ... the 'Standard' owned facilities.
... June 1935, just days before the cessation of hostilities ... Paraguay ... denounce reported that the League of Nations to intervene in the 'Standard' for Bolivia ... President of the company, Walter Tagle, ... (denied) ... ... any complicity or Buenos Aires ... had made the cease-fire, the complaint ... you never did know.
... In an essay "Conflict of Limits and Possessions in South America" \u200b\u200bpublished by the Library Officer Argentina ... (of) U.S. Gordon ... Ireland ... "You never knew because he joined the diplomatic negotiations ... (al) ... Mr. Spruille Braden. The firm to which he belonged was concession holder ... ... (oil) ... in the disputed territories, appointed by the Secretary ... of State Cordell Hull as a delegate ... attached to the Pan American Conference in Buenos Aires ... ... October 1935 ... Braden activity was unusual: he traveled constantly to La Paz to Asunción, is ... "(Buenos Aires) ...
Historians and scholars ... Bolivia ... (and) ... Paraguayans, have agreed to consider the politics of international oil companies as one of the factors ... (trigger) of the war ... So we have for example in Bolivia ... Sergio Almaraz, "Oil in Bolivia "Tristan Maroff," The Tragedy of the Altiplano " Querejazu Roberto Calvo, "Diplomatic History and Politics of the Chaco War", William Mariaca, "Brief on the Bolivian Oil Industry." N J. Paraguay ... birth González, "Oil, the Chaco War and the liberal oligarchy" Isidro Ramirez, "La Paz del Chaco", John Stefanich, "Chapters of the Paraguayan Revolution", Marco Antonio Laconich, "La Paz del Chaco, a Village Betrayed "Efrain Cardozo," A Brief History of Paraguay, Carlos Pastore in articles published in The Independent Paraguayan "... Montevideo. Among the Argentinians ... Elio Colle, "The Drama of Paraguay"; Arturo Frondizi, "Oil and Politics" Baldrich general brochure, "The Problem of Oil and the Chaco War."
SOURCE Sánchez Bonifato
Todo es Historia
N º 26 June 1969
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