MOSCONI, OIL AND TRUST
colonial America was a painful and successful mining experience ... in principle the mines were the king, the European gave importance ... (I dedicate) ... seven titles in Book IV and laws ... 123 ... However, a notable omission, our ... (Constitution 1853) ... however the tradition ... (mine above), completely forgot about it ... {Remembering
aventurillas
mining / financial and Bernardino Rivadavia Famatina, which must be added to the constitution of 1826 ... etc.}
... Only in paragraph 1 of the Congress to "dictate the Mining Code, without setting ... provision rules of original subsurface wave property, or regulation ... about the ability of State for itself or according to other mining.
... spent seven decades before ... (sanction) the code ... It was only in 1866 (sic) ... Law No. 1919, approved the project ... (of) Enrique Rodriguez ... (where) ... Article 9: "The state does not can exploit or dispose of the mines but in the cases mentioned in this law "...
At that time, and at seven years was the 'Standard Oil ..." ... in full swing and the concentration of companies in the ... (EE . UU.) in the struggle for dominance over oil sources. Palpable encoder ignorance.
... when he jumped the jet in Comodoro Rivadavia oil ... that "arose out of all national security law" ... ... years passed, full of people taken advantage of shysters and traitors ... counterbalanced by a few national champions, General Enrique Mosconi ... (heads) the latter list ...
BACKGROUND OF ARGENTINA MINING
The existence of oil in ... Argentina ... (you know) ... I wish the second half of the century ... (XIX) ... in 1856 the legislature gave Jujuy a concession to the Company Jujeña of kerosene, up with a capital of $ F75.000-to exploit Lake La Brea ...
In Salta concession in 1880 was former Gov. Teofilo Sanchez de Bustamante ... in 1882, and Mendez had ... Algelt ... in 1906 ... Francisco Tobar, whose mine 'República Argentina "... was ... (later) ... acquired by ... (YPF) to thank her in 1927 could be introduced in the province and compete with the monopoly that held the" Standard ... "protected by the local government itself. This settlement of YPF, ... it was not easy and led to a lawsuit sounded in whose bodies, ..., lawyers Popular defending foreign interests. This preference of men of law, ..., has a tiresome repetition of economic history of the Republic ...
was the vision and perseverance ... (of) Mosconi, arguing that litigation unfalteringly subject to all kinds of pressures ... (allowed to) ... the fiscal institution able to intervene in the exploitation of oil formation in North ...
In Mendoza ... (before) 1880, and ... had ... Cacheuta technical studies and Uspallata ... in 1886 ... is ... (was) the Company Mendocina Petroleum, with a capital of two million pesos (m / n), which operates three wells in Aguas del Corral - Luján - by building a pipeline of 40 km to San Vicente - Godoy Cruz - ... and the foundations of pus first refinery technical projects. Until 1890 ... it produced 8000 tons of oil
... ... ... Company Neuquén Argentina-Uruguay Oil in Challacó, 25 km ... (the) first perforation of Plaza Huincul ... in 1907 ... (the company was purchased by) ... 'The Republic of SA. Oil Company 'of H. Sadi Jaime Bermejo boy ... Also Neuquén you work ... (of) ... Lannon ... (in) 1908 ... transferred to a foreign company ... 'Acme Oil Syndicate' ...
... 1908 ... started its activities' Argentine Oil Company 'of San Rafael linked ... to' Atuel Company Ltd. '... and' Gulf Oil Company of St. George '... in ... 1909.
No doubt ... that, well before the "discovery" of Comodoro Rivadavia, was not only known that there is enough oil ... (and) ... with forty years before had started its operation with national capitals ... so a question ... why such attempts failed? ... (Started to answer it) ... Osvaldo Magnasco deputy at the meeting ... ... (09/11/1891) ... denounced by British railway companies stop all mining work ... by the exorbitant freight rates ... "known position and ... it's urgent ... need ... the state to intervene in the formation of tariffs, unless you want to drown in his crib top industries "... Why so early freight intended drown oil production? ... the British ... (warned) ... competition ... (a) ... you could make future oil to coal Cardiff ... Argentina is a good market for that coal brought in ballast for the return of cereals and since 1880 was exempted by law Customs import duties ... especially taking into his hands the fuel consumption ... (nationwide), from the railways, gas plants and the Navy ... ... the government continued to make free hand to "freight policy" will be handled according to the British foreign interests ... and coal appear as factors that prevented and locked all possible development. And that in view of official inertia.
"official" discovery
OIL
The government's indifferent attitude apparently ... (gone) ... in 1907 ... He was running behind it was undeniable ... ... (50) years of indifference to national efforts to exploitation, which provided no support, encouragement and protection, ... on the contrary, they committed ... at ... (benefit) ... ... British coal interests ... and a date is added ... "on December 13, day oil "... Why not, the foundation day of the foundation, in 1865, the Company Jujeña of kerosene?
FIND SMALL
CHRONICLE ... The work was done on the grounds of the 'colony' Comodoro Rivadavia ... That is to say that those were tax concessions, subject to the "land law" ... have their importance later.
... The ... (13/12/1907) ... (to be announced) ... finding unexpected telegram to the General Directorate of Hydrology, Geology and Mines Ministry of Agriculture ... ESE SAME DAY THE DAILY NEWS ... transcended the NEXT DAY, JUST BEGINNING OFFICE HOURS ... A PARTICULAR PRESENTS ... THE FIRST APPLICATION OF CATE in Comodoro Rivadavia
... ... when the positions were defined in Comodoro Rivadavia, ALL PRIVATE PROPERTY were in English hands ... (and) from the first time ... (and lack of railroad rates) ... ... tried to surround the raids was possible ... because (it) ... Argentina ... enabled the legislation intended Cardiff coal, ..., controlling for their benefit Argentine oil production ...
THE FIRST BOOK in Comodoro Rivadavia
... The Executive was faced with the problem ... (the) ... ... Mining Code (him) ... (REQUIRED) TO GRANT ALL REQUESTS FOR CATE ... ... to be presented with the aggravating ... of) ... Article 17: "... MINES IS PROVIDED TO INDIVIDUALS indefinitely ..." more ... Article 9 º ... forbidden to "EXPLODE OR DISPOSAL OF MINE" ... lack of foresight and ignorance of economic conflicts worldwide, ... ... the Mining Code, despite the late approval hands and feet tied to the government to try to control any defense {...} ...
the first application submitted on ... (12/14/1907) ... to ... record 12.45hs 6366 - M - 907 center was in the place of discovery ... (included) ... two thousand acres ... Agriculture Minister, Peter Azcurra ... ... appealed to the Land Act No. 467 whose implementation could only be appealed before the Federal Court and the Supreme Court. This ploy was put into effect the same day ...
{and tradition says that the finding was accidental!}
... (with) a decree based on article 15 (Act 467) ... Article 1 (the decree), "prohibited the reporting of mining claims and granting of permits searches at the Port of Comodoro Rivadavia, Territory of Chubut, in a radius of 5 miles LF ( 100,000 hectares) any direction, counting from the center of town. "
This decree ... (was a) ... ... as the stalling trick executive could not ... amend the Mining Act by a simple decree and lay over it a new legal regime for petroleum ... The text was simply prohibitive administrative application ... It was ... the origin of a nationalization policy ... but a mere cessation of procedures ...
the exploratory stage ... the Ministry is dedicated to exploring the area, assessing the feasibility of the operation and its true importance ... is (found) yields very extraordinary productive and opened possibilities for further intensive farming ... (supposedly) ... official policy arise ... in what concerned the oil, and ... we will see, this policy does not differ at all with that applied in other sectors of national economy ... (that) ... as indispensable competition of foreign capital.
THE EXECUTIVE PROPOSES LAW RESERVE
... (2/9/1909) ... ... proposed by the executive branch (the Congress) ... (which) ... fijase a pool of four leagues square miles - within ... (of which ) ... not to grant mining rights or mining permits and searches; ... (destination) ... his farm to the state ... (and) ... requested ... an extraordinary credit of half a million dollars ... (for) ... expenses ... ... And although extraction seems absurd, then check ... - at the risk and cost of Status - The extent of the deposit wealth, a hundred thousand hectares of the reserve's decree ... (12/14/1907), is reduced, ..., A TEN THOUSAND ONLY.
... WHY IS ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRES RESERVED ... When you ignore the importance of the site and having verified, THIS, this reduced the area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve to one tenth? ...
... with such pettiness that booking suspiciously like a disguised way of delivering almost all of the oil wing Commodore private operation and private ... ... (it was) synonymous with 'national' in s ... This Argentine content violent recoil start of betrayal ... was fully in evidence in the legislative debate.
DISCUSSION OF THE LAW NO 7059 IN THE SENATE
Being considered by the Senate ... Joaquín V. González (La Rioja) ... (did) ... his return to ... Commission ... (where) there was another office ... ... reducing the reserve ... (a) ... only five thousand hectares. Become the project ... (to) ... body ... Gonzalez ... (based) ... her ... (allegation in) ... the legal field ... (argued) that while the draft a special law, should be limited as much as possible ... the political and economic aspect ... It was a Latin American developing the 'Big Stick Policy' of ... Roosevelt and the consolidation of British colonial empire cannons were spent completely ignored (to JV Gonzalez). Sen. Mendoza, ... Villanueva was more explicit: "... the five thousand hectares are to produce enough for the needs of the Treasury, thus leaving PRIVATE FREE TO HOLDING oil that may remain in the territory."
... (who supported the book and rejected the said Villanueva González and headers) ... by Senator ... Alberto L. of Soldatti (Tucumán) ... then to refute one by one the arguments ... (proposed) the desirability of a proactive approach, so that did not happen ... something like what happened ... (with) ... the waste of public lands ... made emphasis on the incomprehensible, which is acceptable RESERVATION FOR FIVE THOUSAND TEN THOUSAND ACRES DECLINE IN BOTH THE INTENDED TO PRODUCTION ... ... RAILWAY NEEDS, WHICH WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO PREDICT FUTURE VOLUME JV González ... ... with a bad mood ... crudely outlined his thinking: " Why do individuals and foreign companies come to bring the contest ... of their wealth ... (to) ... country? To keep this quiet, inhibited what not how long!, So that only ... (it) ... the state operates as an evil INDUSTRIAL, because the state can not be explotante mines, wherever the evil has exploded concluded ... "... ... the theory to mismanagement, it was common place in the minds of the oligarchy and its greatest exponent ... ... Celman Juárez, with that argument sold the national railway to British capital, in their opinion ... ..." an excellent administrator " ...
{The issue of land has already been mentioned in the blog oil now, I hope, soon, to make a reference to the railways and meats}
... well ... you could add the works of Health ... sold in 1888 by Juarez Celman in ... (20) million - only claimed (14) - the 'Buenos Aires an Drainage Waters Supply Co. Ltd.' ... and then ... RESCUED by borrowing (34) million, in addition to the (30) which originally cost ... against ... (14) charged, is say, with the tale of good and bad private management of state, a net loss totaled $ 50 million ... ... in short ... the Republic ... (PAID) TWICE
works ... ... (back to the Senate, oil and Law 7059) ... twice the vote was tied ... (was decided) ... vote provisional president. This favored the ungrudgingly at five thousand acres and only five years ... He was interim vice president Benito Villanueva ... ... representing Córdoba Central Railway when the negotiated termination of the guarantees ... and also chairman of the refrigerator Argentine 'La Blanca 'and sold to the Americans in 1907 ... (after buying continued) ... the front of the establishment ... TAX BEGINNING
...
in Comodoro Rivadavia
... (by) ... ... 7059 ... Act (was) ... the Commission appointed by the Directorate General of Oil Exploitation of Comodoro Rivadavia. The engineers integrated Luis A. Huerta and ... Hermite, Dr. Arata and gentlemen ... ... ... Villate Villalonga.
(Roque Sáenz Peña was President and Minister of Agriculture Eleodoro Lobos) Recitals ... ... (of) ... decree (of creating the commission) deserve further comment ... they are a long list of possible future ... with national objectives, is ... (favored) a modification of machinery to replace imported coal for domestic oil and ... (free) ... of ... (the) ... ... reliance on fuel. That is, first proposed by import substitution and self-sufficiency ideal ... also ... (is) lists the Argentine petroleum horizons with a precision that seems contemporary ... (trying) ... encourage and propel the establishment of national extractive companies come ... to supply proper and comprehensive ... ...
automobiles and light fuel from
... the enactment of the 7059 Act to the creation of YPF. such as self-sufficient DISTRIBUTION headed by General Mosconi ... ... by the growing popularity of the internal combustion engine, ..., establishing a direct relationship between the proliferation of devices and the increased demand for oil.
... Argentina ... In 1910, the automobile was just a luxury of the aristocracy and their small number could not be a reason ... to amend the fuel demand by ... ... War ... started the first imported ... " Ford mustache. " This import from 1914 ... (and even 1919 represented) 33,000 units made in the period ... (valued at $ 10,764,569-gold) ... (and) ... In 1922 there were 68,563 ... {an increase of 207.76% over the park in 1919} ... with gasoline consumption ... of 300,000 tons per year ... (with) ... an average of 2,500 liters per unit ... the distillation of the naphtha ... (output light) ... left ... (including) ... a 60/75% of heavy residue ( fuel oil) ... (which) ... ... had no market in the country ... (and) the small market (taken over by English coal) for heavy fuel you ... (delayed) ... distillation intensive oil in the country, and made ... (most of) ... gasoline is ... (mind) ... (distilled in the country: 16.6%, imported: 83.4%).
...
BEGINNINGS OF THE REPUBLIC
oiling
Apart from the products 'light' ... in which time the coal began to feel the increasing use of the products 'heavy'?
(between 1912/1922), the coal-oil ratio, in use, was 79% coal and 21% oil. As for oil (21%) should differentiate between the imported (66%) and national and in national production distinguish the particular (6%) and attributable to tax (28%) ...
... (of) the numbers ... (come) ... clear conclusions: ... decrease ... (of) ... the import of coal ... (for the war ... was not completely substitute oil) ... the direct exploitation of domestic oil ... begins in 1915 and ... (to) ... 1922 Comodoro Rivadavia circumscribed
... Early in the decade of the 20 increased ... (parity) imports of coal and oil ... is ... (important) the steady increase in production oil tax.
... ... when the generator took over Mosconi YPF. (1922), yet domestic oil extraction by private companies ... no ... (was competition for imported coal and oil) ... foreign oil tripled the prosecutor, this ... shows a dependence on the outside with no ... (foreigners) national extraction ... this absence did not last. And the decline of fiscal extraction coincided with the Revolution of 1930.
... (from 1922) ... grow heavy consumption of products begins ... ... (the conflict) ... between coal and oil ... (is) ... who started the 'oiling the country' ... (this means the progress of U.S. and a shift in strategy by the English) ... quietly tested its defense ... protecting their railways from interference of oil, and ..., concentrating in their hands the highest number possible of mining properties in Argentina's most important oil field ...: Comodoro Rivadavia.
COAL, OIL AND RAIL
Creating YPF. as an autonomous body oiling due ... to the beginning ... fuels in ... ... at ... (start) ..., the railways did not have as consumers ... but they were a stumbling block to progress ... (YPF.) ... ... The British capital began in 1915 to exploit property not held in Comodoro Rivadavia ... no conversion in its railways to use oil in them ... to prevent U.S. involvement in a sector considered the traditional domain of s ... (using) the wood to complete Argentina ... ... (the) coal and prevent ... (United UU. was supplier) ... fuel oil for British Rail ...
{There is a scenario repeated, a set-English capitalism - capitalism resists (USA) who wants to aggressively enter the market - in this case Argentina -. Scenario that is repeated in the various fields of economics. Also, and not something less, the upper classes were enrolled in one or another of the capitalists and their fate was left to the people.}
... the main fuel for British Railways, in a half, at least, was Argentina firing ... (and was) ... the continued operation of the mills in Cordoba and Santiago del Estero - until the late 40 - ...
THE MINING PROPERTY AND FOREIGN POLICY
... Why England to ... (USA), took so long ... the exploitation of domestic oil? ... {
between 1907 and the beginning of the particular operation went different strategies, concrete ... what is reflected is reflected in figures, Neuquén, Chubut and Santa Cruz entre1910 to 1913 were granted 762 searches covering 213,237 hectares}
To judge this avalanche ... (be) ... note that searches become property when it is alleged the existence of mineral and willingness to exploit it ... being without close public land or plant, the transfer of membership is FREE miner without further ado, becomes owner of the land ...
RESERVE DECREE
... (09/05/1913) ... President Sáenz Peña (Agriculture Minister Adolfo Mujica) ... signed ... a decree ordering the suspension of all property searches and concession in an area ... the north of Comodoro Rivadavia to parallel that crosses the peak Salamanca, on the West till 30 kms. Village, south of the border territories of Chubut and Santa Cruz and east four leagues ... (Offshore)
... ... at ... (7.25.1913) ... the Executive sent to ... Deputies a bill ... "to avoid abuse by profiteers of the rich oil fields ... with obvious damage to the well-understood national interests" ... The proposed repeals Article 9 of the Mining Code and allowed the direct exploitation of the state law without special authorization and reservations ... and extract hydrocarbons. The law is not approved and ... (are) presented another project ... quite contrary ... proposing the establishment of a joint venture with "capitalist companies of recognized financial capacity" to exploit the reserves Comodoro Rivadavia tax.
Decree ... (from 09/05/1913) no better fate ... was based on Article 15 of the Land Act No. 4167 ... was questioned by speculators since, including the properties 'private' ... ("learned" from ) ... free ... and yet ... (and) ... Treasury Solicitor's opinion ... Lucio V. López, ... (corrected) Decree ... (8/10/1914), which restricted the great subject only to public lands ... was ... ineffective ... they will continue to grant searches and belongings in Comodoro Rivadavia 1915 ... between ... and 1916 ... (by) more than fifteen thousand acres. And ... began regular oil extraction by private companies ... precisely in concessions agreed within the large pool area.
... ... in 1913 ... Engineer Luis A. Huergo ... (President of the General Directorate of Petroleum Exploitation Comodoro Rivadavia ...: "The public authorities, with a slowness inconceivable pettiness amazing and have taken six years to clarify and make known the immense wealth to the people ... ( de) ... ... fields ... the meantime, have come Hulan of ... the 'Syndicating Operators', which have monopolized the earth ... (more than eighty thousand hectares in a single trade union), which have recruited a phalanx of proselytes, few of them conscious and unconscious by the vast majority shareholder ministers, legislators, lawyers, pen pushers Sarmiento , division chief and administrative departments, members of the Navy and the Army and the drafting of newspapers, heads of state printing, members of the religion, etc. The preliminaries of the conquest are those already employed elsewhere and currently in Mexico ... "
... those 'Syndicating Operators' ... (were) ... part of the phalanx England turned on the world to develop their 'Shell Transports' ... later ... all the companies operating in Comodoro Rivadavia were appendages of the British capital. And these agents, as in Mexico, came into our country with the complicity of some and bribing others ...
The only existing law, the 7059, paradoxically sofrenaba who was the State ... the three companies that eventually unified the procurement of 'Syndicating Operators' had his belongings ... ... reserves ... 7059 law restricted the first book in 1907, in the land that was Free property searches were located whose hoarding Huergo denounced in 1913. The settlement ... "in ownership," the excepted from the provisions of the vast reservation in the face unpatriotic ... ... (of) the 'Compañía Argentina de Comodoro Rivadavia SA' born 'Menéndez Railroad and Wells', the 'Astra' as well ... encompassed companies 'Sol', 'Solano' and 'Carmen'. Its president ... Horacio Varela Beccar ... (was) ... Minister of Agriculture ... (the) government ... "de facto" ... (1930) and accepted ... resignation ... (of) ... Mosconi.
The second was established on the basis of 'Holes' Union Comodoro Rivadavia' ... and 'Wells Menendez' and ... (his) ... President Dr. Vincent C. Gallo, MP, Senator and Minister of Interior ... in the forties was replaced by Dr. Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Deputy ... (to the approval of) ... the 7059 law, twice prime minister and ... (author) ... a legal work to legally justify the commission received on the sale of 'Ferrocarril Oeste' ... that the Attorney General's Office had called ... the "bribe." Astra directory ... the doctor was part Clodomiro Zavalía, dean of the Faculty of Law ..., director of the journal "Jurisprudence", also member of the so called 'Swiss Group' in the electric Holdings and a member of the bank ... 'Tornsquist' ...
'Tiara' ... (comes from) the absorption of ... 'Torch', 'Brilliant', 'Pearl' and 'Ruby', ... ... own belongings in Comodoro ... so trustificó oil extraction ... It is understood that these companies and their directors were mere asteroids revolving around ... (a) ... the 'Royal Dutch Shell'.
HOARDING OF SECOND PROPERTY CATE
In this process of concentration, Plaza Huincul was no exception ... (by) ... ... studies conducted in 1914, the Directorate General of Mines ... the ... (02/27/1916) ... found Neuquen oil horizon. But the stream flowed ... (after) ... three years ... the ... (25/10/1918). For four years the Bureau of Mines conducted the extraction of the independent ABSURD Comodoro Rivadavia ... when ... (31/12/1922) took over YPF reservoir ... (it became clear the error) ...
... In the meantime, the territory ... (of) ... the fiscal reserve, an octagon ... (of) ... three and a half square miles, was surrounded by ... private property ... ... (but) in this case ... the focus ... (was) ... the benefit of ... (USA). The company 'The Republic' and 'Standard' ... two names for the same company, fully accounted for the surrounding terrain possible extensions ...
... Of all searches-5320-materialized ... 425 ... 360 in Chubut, Neuquén and 65, with an average of 1964 hectares each representing ... 334 square leagues, granted to individual ... against the FIVE AND A HALF ... (agreed) ... the State as a reserve, two in Comodoro Rivadavia and three ... and a half in Plaza Huincul, ... (by) ... the resolution of ... (05/31/1920) ...
The increase in this situation ... perhaps not unrelated to the visit ... ... (1920 and 1922) ... that made deposits ... (of) a professor at the University of Birmingham, Sir John Cadman ... ('Royal Dutch Shell) and Sir Charles Greenway, chairman of the' Anglo Persian ', funded ... by the British government ... (on this referred him) ... Agriculture Minister Tomas Le Breton ... (10/17/1923) on ... ... Representatives denounced specific cases, grabbing conducting searches and concessions, under the table, large companies ... "I think it is for making things clear and openly, and if these companies must work and operate ... (in) ... our land, work and operate with your name, signature, knowing the country, if not to exploit, which do not exploit directly or indirectly, and whether there are advantages for the country and not for certain people who are intermediaries in these operations. "
... January 1924 ... (were) ... ... 7236 pending requests for searches; ... the rhythm persisted started in 1919 ... their locations: ... (Neuquén, Santa Cruz, Chubut, La Pampa, Rio Black and Tierra del Fuego and covering 8,116,000 hectares) ... {
questions arise: are all these requests for searches / belongings, were they on public land? Given the policy "very generous" land in the immediate past, what was happening turned-private land - under the protection of the laws in force - before? It is not unreasonable to think that intention was to cut the roots any attempt to exploit the oil from the Argentines - including State or -. Mendoza fader could be an example}
CATE AND PRODUCTION ... there was no direct link between the growing number of ... (foreign property) and the extraction of oil ... to ... (31/12/1922) ..., the largest percentage ... (extraction) ... almost 90% ... for the State, that "bad manager" according to ... (the) ... Dr. Gonzalez. British companies ('Astra', 'Railroad' and others) extracted in 1923 on 19 %...( of) ... ...
total was the Treasury who ... (supplied) ... the Navy and the Patagonian railways. Military aviation depended on "cash sales of the WICO" (West Indian Oil Company of New York - U.S. -) ...
... Rather than exploiting the subsoil, these companies were interested in grabbing belongings as future availability, more intensive exploitation not immediately ...
... suspect ... that being the largest UK ... ... particular extraction (en) ... Comodoro Rivadavia - sea \u200b\u200bport - was largely exported to other markets surreptitiously. Argentina especially when extraction was done at lower cost "...
... ... a focal point in the struggle for Argentine oil ...: defense or delivery of the national wealth ... (other projects) ... (25/07/1913) submitted by the executive to combat hoarding of searches ... Then ... on ... (the) ... (18/08/1913) - Adrian C. Escobar - and that meant, ..., to counteract the defensive policy of the Executive ...; 1914 - Alfredo de Marchi - ... (was attempted) ... joint exploitation Comodoro Rivadavia ... (meant) ... in fact the private companies' access to tax reservation ...; Executive again in June 1916 sent a draft ... (for) ... regulate the concessions, the split: on 'uncharted territory', to more than 10 kms of mines in operation, 'land recognized "within the 10 kms and up to 200 hectares property, and' productive land ', until one km from wells in operation and grants of up to (40) ha ... That same year Congressman proposes Veyga shot ... a corporation on the basis of Comodoro Rivadavia ... (with) ... half of the shares ... (state) and the other half would be sold among the "inhabitants" of the Republic ...
same time, Carlos F. Demarchi Melo and ... ... (proposed) ... make permanent the 7059 book of the law, agreed upon only by ... 5 years ... in 1917 Caros F. Melo and Rodolfo Moreno (h) ... (proposed state) ... iron, coal and oil, "private property in the state," the annulment of the awards and ... ... (compensation) ... "ad referendum" of Congress ... (reaction did not take long) ... Francisco M. Rep. Uriburu, which later was in Salta and Jujuy lawyer and representative of ... the 'Standard' ... (proposed investing) ... the completion and delivery, preferably, the private oil companies .., 1919 ... the Executive ... reproduced the project Melo-Moreno, but authorizing the State to contract with private ..., 1923 ... ... insisted Moreno (YPF was created by decree on 03.06.1922). Again the reaction ... Sorondo Matías Sánchez ... (that) ... tried that ... (may be agreed) searches up to 100,000 (one hundred thousand) hectares in each province and territory, ... (meant) ... the ability to concentrate, 2.4 million hectares (in a one hand) ... Sanchez Sorondo ... (later) ... it was ... (designate) ... holds the Chair of Law of Mines and Rural Law School (UBA).
... ... until 1918 parallel mining companies ... was negligible, only 35,669 meters to 672,841 cubic fiscal ... (see) ... legislative concern to protect those companies null and restrict extraction ... (to) ... State, the biggest extractor ... What was protected was the intermediary business of hoarding.
...
(The author reiterates the suspicion that the British stole Oil and taken out abroad)
... CREATING YPF
... (11.1917) the Administrative Committee of Comodoro Rivadavia ... was replaced by a manager who reported directly to the minister. Production in ... (1917 was) ... of 192,371 meters cubic arrived in 1922 to 450,520 ... ... Yrigoyen
... by order of ... (03/06/1922, created YPF) ... (10/19/1922) was appointed Director General ... (a ) ... Enrique Mosconi ... (02.1923) a full report ... those ($ 500,000-) official (initials) ... ... 7059 law had reached over of ... ($ 78,000,000-) ... (1907/1922) ... 1921 he purchased the first oil tanker ... Neuquén operated independently of the administration of Commodore ..
... Competition in the domestic market ... ... in sales of imports prevailed ... (USA) which operated from 1908 through 'WICO', ... 'Energine' (Shell), ... be installed in 1923 ... ... outsiders imposed their will the prices of light products in the market ... ... the Holdings
... (U.S.) ... after successive transformations and regrouping ... (Constituted) ... a single trust with a central command ... the growth of foreign oil companies ... (and) in many industries intertwined with their managers, were an obstacle to a balanced ... production and sales of YPF ...
...
... YPF was created when you started oiling the Republic ... to ... ...
... It has been said that Mosconi was not in favor of the nationalization of joint ventures but ... just turn to his book "THE ARGENTINE OIL" (El Ateneo, 1936) ... (above) ... which preferred the mixed companies, ... be taken into account ... admiration for Mexico ... the ... (creation) ... in ... 1923 of 'Petromex' joint enterprise, not between big capitalists, but ... (and) ... consumers ... farmers, land or sea carriers, owners electric power plants, mining trucks car owners, and small manufacturers, NO MORE BE LIMITED TO THE MEXICAN ... (in terms of its position in Argentina) ... was present in his mind since ... August 1922, after an interview ... the manager of 'WICO' ...: "sworn to myself, cooperation by all legal means to break the trust "... there is a history of his position ... Chapter 19 No ... (his book) ..." The entity that sustained efforts to emphasize to the public the need for oil wealth ... are nationalized in full Continental Alliance was founded on ... (05/03/1927) by Arturo Orzabal Quintana ... ... was a member of that organization
Mosconi ... ... FIRST RESULTS
... (by) ... report ... (of) ... early 1923 Mosconi ... (was submitted) ... a bill establishing a reserve one million hectares ... there was no penalty ... to the problem of ... (the) ... 7236 applications pending searches, the decree was issued ... the ... (10/01/1924) which suspended "until a law was passed special matter, "searches and the granting of concessions ... (in) ... the national territories. However ... between 1925 and 1926 were agreed searches by 204,000 hectares.
... the Legislature put all sorts of obstacles to increasing the tax reserve Directorate Commodore ... 1926 ... YPF generates a report to the minister: "I do not have the farm land tax Reserve ... has no new areas to exploit. Of the 200 wells that were drilled in 1927 ... (should) be reduced to 120 ... for lack of land, however a country has abundant land and oil fields of the first order ... while the state oil drains scarce resources to it granted, private companies, mostly foreign ..., increase daily farm concessions and under much more advantageous. So, no new areas have ... we have had to reduce our work plan, with consequent damage. "
... (there was) ... to draft the permanent ... (the reserve; remember having expiry date) ... and ... investment available ($ 16) ... million to strengthen the operation, approved by Members on ... (16/02/1917) Ten years ... still in the air ... the Senate never to consider the draft adopted by ... (Representatives) ... ...
"CINDERELLA"
... (in) ... ... 1922, YPF had only a daily capacity of 300 tons distillation in small and poor facilities and Comodoro Rivadavia Plaza Huincul ... in 1922 the daily output ... (was) 1,000 cubic meters ...
...
With this production, about 68,563 existing vehicles ... in 1922, only 476 could consume gasoline tax ... 0.70% of total ... oil that remained, distilled, ... 93.5% of the extracted, sold as quines could and could, usually to other companies disponíanse distillation capacity and higher prices imposed. DISTILLERY
SILVER
... ... The ... (22/05/1923) tender was called to ... (11/23/1923) was awarded to Bethlehem ... Stel Co., ... (with a commitment to) complete the installation ... before ... (15/08/1926) ... (consisted of) ... plant toppings for primary distillation of crude oil, another of "crakings" ... for kerosene and gas oil, and ... (other) ... to prepare lubricating oils. The capacity would be 2,000 tons per day of oil type Comodoro Rivadavia. The ... (12/23/1925) ... (begins) ... to distill gasoline tax, and ... (08/01/1926) ... all planned.
... ... This was a wake-up call for the trusts that dominated the market ... ... (started) ... the mobilization of all the resistance and obstacles ... that were strong and tough ... the trust, in particular ... (USA) ... with the bank co ... (started) the economic blockade of YPF who ... had to negotiate the ... ($ 24) million in letters ... cash which will help you borrow the Executive ... ... titles are not accepted.
Mosconi ... "Before signing the contract, clauses of which ... ... (had) ... partial and phased steps ... and was detained at his efforts, which was about to capsize the initiative and the obstacle the project ... was saved by ... (the) ... member of the Administrative Committee, Dr. Carlos Madariaga ... that ... (offered) ... with his private fortune to ensure the operation necessary for the work. "
...
It is worth remembering that this distillery which was threatening bombard an Argentine admiral in 1955.
Comodoro Rivadavia ELECTRIFICATION OF
One of the reasons that prevented ... more ... exploitation ... (was) ... the scarcity of water, and they all work ... is ... (made with) ... steam engine ... Mosconi ... (available ) ... electrification of the deposits. He was immediately installed a central plant with three turbo-generators of 5500 HP each, with a planned expansion ... ... allowing double or even triple the plant extract ... opened on ... (01/01/1927) ... (coinciding with) ... the greatest capacity Distillery production ... Plate.
... The extraction Commodore in 1927 doubled that of 1923 and gasoline ... (in 1923) ... only 763 meters cubic amounted in 1928 to 10,872 ... Mosconi tested the first price war ... gasoline was worth in 1924 ... $ 0 , 29 liter ... (is) ... reduced to $ 0.20 in 1930. JUMP IF
... ... Mining Code, "the mines are private property of the nation or the provinces, as the territory where they are" ... (this) ... fell on YPF to national territories and ... equal footing with private companies ... with local governments ... (happened) ... they ... you apply the provision "that prohibited the state to exploit mines" ... it was not difficult to provide local legislation itself grabbing maneuvers ..., Salta and Jujuy searches agreed upon payment, only ... ($ 10 -), the indefinite Jujuy, Salta the for five years ... the signature 'Leach Brothers' ... mills and tin, was holding almost all of the searches of Jujuy and then formed a partnership with the 'Standard' ...
In Salta, ... 1911, the governor said Avelino Figueroa reserves throughout the province ... this reserve was built in 1918 by the government ... (of) ... Abraham Cornejo, lawyer ... then ... the 'Standard'. Between ... (1918) ... and 1922, the ... ('Standard') ... garnered 1.126 million searches per-hectare ... ... Adolfo Guemes Governor returned to reintroduce the reservation and instructed YPF exploitation methodical remaining territory. The national decree ... (11/29/1926) {possible misprint?} YPF authorized to do ... (the) ... scan ... The new governor, Corvalan ... ... (up) ... again the book and turned it searches the searches of the 'Standard' ... in property, however, that for lack of work had expired ... the nine million acres were reduced to eight ...
... (and) ... to add ... (that) ... the hoarding period, the transfers between the "middle" Lord of the raids and the ... ('Standard') Mediation is conducted by Dr. Francisco Uriburu, former MP and author of an oil project already mentioned ... the Court of Mines transfers provided under ... (was) ... by ... (of) ... Rovaleti - then minister Corbalan - who was simultaneously feed provider ... (of) the 'Standard'. The incompatibility between the functions of judge and provider, it is obvious ... ...
YPF acquired the mine 'República Argentina "... ... The federal government approved by decree of the ... (16/11/1927) and was a long trial and which showed that the Clerk Government of the province had given the dossier to the ... ('Standard') ... and ... (in which) ... had stolen documents ... (to) ... make no original membership and provide a new grant for the ... ( 'Standard'). YPF finally won the lawsuit ... But in 1932 ... (province) ... signed an agreement with ... (the) ... 'Standard' ... handing the oil exploration and exploitation throughout the territory reserved ... ...
FLEET AND OTHER WORKS AND THE END OF HISTORY
Mosconi was ... concern ... YPF infrastructure ... got the transfer to the Directorate General of the two oil ... purchased with their funds and that under the Ministry of the Navy, said ... (five) ... to complete record 46,340 tons of three tugs ... 500HP each one tank and flat ... (by) ... ... 1950 tons placed a pipeline ... (on the siphon of the Brook) ... and lifted the South Basin Ground ... (continued) ... plants Rosario, Concepcion del Uruguay, Mar del Plata, Engineer White and Santa Fe to achieve a capacity of 600,000 tons ... He appointed agents throughout ... (the country) ... and put 2,000 Suppliers ... ... social work (for staff) ... was the most advanced in the country ... {"In 1920/1930 there were social work? Headquarters} ... ... (opened) ... in August 1929. Ie the reverse of modern times, DID THE WORK FIRST AND THEN INSTALL YOUR OFFICE.
... ... (made the coup of 1930), submitted his resignation ... Mosconi irrevocable ... (to) ... Agriculture Minister ... Beccar Varela, former president of the 'Railway Oil Company', a subsidiary of the 'Royal Dutch Shell' ... (opens in a match) ... new stage ... (The) constitution of the "Cartel" between the global oil major British companies and ... (USA) ...
"worthy soldiers of national emancipation"
... With these words, ..., invited to its adherents FORGE and supporters at the funeral ... General Enrique Mosconi, who died on June 4, 1940 at 63 years old ...
SOURCE
Juan Carlos Vedoya
"EVERYTHING IS HISTORY"
No. 63, December 1972
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